170456 20260420103355.0 doi 10.1002/adma.202516835 sideral 148894 ART-2026-148894 eng Shibaev, Andrey Resolving Complex Multiscale Structure of Magneto‐ and Electroactive Polymer Composites With an Ionic Liquid 2026 A multiscale understanding of the structure of ionogels – nanoparticle-free polymer composites incorporating ionic liquids – is essential for enhancing their macroscopic functional properties and unlocking their potential in critical applications such as energy storage, sensing, and actuation. We establish a complete picture of the nano- and microstructuration of an ionic liquid within the matrix of a practically relevant electroactive copolymer poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene), by combining neutron scattering with cryogenic scanning electron tomography assisted by focused ion beam milling and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy with elemental analysis. We show that the ionic liquid is primarily located in the polymer amorphous phase and forms nanostructures with 10–12 nm size. It does not penetrate into the crystalline lamellae or the polymer amorphous phase confined between them, and it does not affect the polymer degree of crystallinity nor its complete crystallization in the highly electroactive β-phase. Saturation of the unconfined amorphous phase with ionic liquid is identified as the key factor enabling high ionic conductivity while preserving mechanical integrity. At high ionic liquid concentrations, its excess microphase-separates during the composite processing and accumulates in predominantly interconnected micrometer-sized pores, providing the magnetoelectric response and further increasing the ionic conductivity. Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/CEX2023-001286-S info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PID2023-146451OB-I00 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/RYC2023-044285-I info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/RYC2023–044841- I info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/CSIC/PIE-202660E127 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2022-138572OB-C42 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICIU/PID2024-157277NA-I00 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICIU/PRTR-C17.I1 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Maiz, Jon Petrenko, Viktor Iturrospe, Amaia Fernández Maestu, Josu Porro, José María Barrado, Mariano Universidad de Zaragoza Casado, Laura Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-8184-7753 Kohlbrecher, Joachim Shvets, Petr Modin, Evgeny Castro, Ana Sofia Chuvilin, Andrey De Teresa, José María (orcid)0000-0001-9566-0738 Correia, Daniela M. Arbe, Arantxa Lanceros-Méndez, Senentxu 0 X Universidad de Zaragoza Institutos Univ. de Investig. Área RPT Laboral INMA (2026), e16835 [17 pp.] Adv. mater. Advanced materials 0935-9648 12602045 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/170456/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2410255 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/170456/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:170456 articulos driver 2026-04-18-10:49:55 ARTICLE