000170979 001__ 170979
000170979 005__ 20260430151736.0
000170979 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c00654
000170979 0248_ $$2sideral$$a149012
000170979 037__ $$aART-2026-149012
000170979 041__ $$aeng
000170979 100__ $$aShaj, Densa A.
000170979 245__ $$aHierarchically Porous Carbons from Almond Residues via Hydrothermal Pretreatment and Mild K2CO3 Activation for Aqueous Zinc Hybrid Supercapacitors
000170979 260__ $$c2026
000170979 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000170979 5203_ $$aAgricultural residues offer a scalable feedstock for sustainable carbon electrodes, yet achieving high electrochemical performance in aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) often relies on harsh activating agents and low carbon yields. Here, almond-tree pruning residues (AT) and almond shells (AS) are converted into porous carbons via hydrothermal pretreatment (HTC) followed by mild K2CO3 activation, enabling hierarchical porosity while limiting excessive burnoff. The HTC-assisted route markedly enhances N2-accessible surface area and mesopore volume, improving electrolyte accessibility and ion-transport pathways, while the presence of oxygen-containing groups contributes to favorable interfacial interactions in aqueous media. AT-derived carbons consistently outperform AS counterparts, highlighting the strong influence of precursor architecture on activation efficiency and pore connectivity. In a two-electrode aqueous ZHSC configuration (Zn metal anode; porous carbon cathode), the best performing AT-derived electrode delivered a specific capacity of 142 mAh g–1 at 0.1 A g–1 with 91% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g–1. Electrolyte chemistry plays a key role in durability: zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (ZTFS) provides higher capacity retention and improved reversibility than ZnSO4, consistent with a more uniform Zn deposition and the formation of a less crystalline, fluorine-containing interphase, as evidenced by post-mortem analyses. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic intermittent titration techniques further support faster interfacial kinetics and more favorable transport in the best-performing carbon, in line with its balanced hierarchical porosity and surface chemistry. The device achieves an energy density of 87.8 Wh kg–1 at 62.3 W kg–1 and retains 37.9 Wh kg–1 at 13.6 kW kg–1, matching or surpassing many biomass-derived ZHSC cathodes prepared using more corrosive chemicals. Overall, this work demonstrates a greener, yield-efficient pathway to high-performance carbon cathodes for aqueous zinc-based hybrid energy storage.
000170979 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/T22-23R$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HORIZON EUROPE/101120311/EU/Towards innovative and affordable sodium- and zinc-based electrochemical energy storage systems composed of more sustainable and locally-sourced materials/eNargiZinc
000170979 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
000170979 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000170979 700__ $$aAlvira, Darío
000170979 700__ $$aAntorán, Daniel
000170979 700__ $$aSebastián, Víctor
000170979 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-0118-3254$$aManyà, Joan J.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000170979 7102_ $$15005$$2555$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ing.Quím.Tecnol.Med.Amb.$$cÁrea Ingeniería Química
000170979 773__ $$g(2026), [16 pp.]$$pEnergy fuels$$tEnergy and Fuels$$x0887-0624
000170979 8564_ $$s12792317$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/170979/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000170979 8564_ $$s2889961$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/170979/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000170979 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:170979$$particulos$$pdriver
000170979 951__ $$a2026-04-30-13:58:20
000170979 980__ $$aARTICLE