000171031 001__ 171031
000171031 005__ 20260505142649.0
000171031 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108513
000171031 0248_ $$2sideral$$a149150
000171031 037__ $$aART-2026-149150
000171031 041__ $$aeng
000171031 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-2993-5478$$aMartín, Carlos$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000171031 245__ $$aToward tuberculosis elimination: An update on tuberculosis vaccines in clinical trials
000171031 260__ $$c2026
000171031 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000171031 5203_ $$aDespite major advances in diagnosis and treatment, tuberculosis (TB) control – and ultimately elimination – will remain unachieved without a vaccine capable of preventing pulmonary disease and transmission. Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG), a live attenuated vaccine derived from Mycobacterium bovis and the only licensed TB vaccine, has been widely implemented because of its proven efficacy against severe childhood TB. However, despite global coverage approaching 90%, BCG provides limited and inconsistent protection against pulmonary TB in adolescents and adults, the populations that sustain transmission.
In response, a diverse pipeline of novel TB vaccine candidates has emerged across multiple technological platforms. This review provides an updated overview of TB vaccines in clinical development. Currently, sixteen candidates are undergoing clinical evaluation, including four in active Phase 3 efficacy trials.
This review also offers critical insights into challenges shaping late-stage TB vaccine development. We argue that evolving understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection – including heterogeneity within latent infection, the contribution of subclinical disease, and limitations of binary IGRA-based classification – necessitates reassessment of current efficacy endpoints. By examining prevention-of-disease (PoD), prevention-of-infection (PoI), and prevention-of-recurrence (PoR) strategies, we highlight the need for closer alignment between biological insight, trial design, and policy objectives to ensure that new vaccines advance TB elimination.
000171031 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/B35-23R$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EUR/EDCTP2/RIA2019S-2652
000171031 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nc-nd$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
000171031 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000171031 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-8841-6593$$aGonzalo-Asensio, Jesús$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000171031 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-7897-9173$$aAguiló, Nacho$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000171031 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-3377-4171$$aArbués, Ainhoa$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000171031 7102_ $$11011$$2630$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Microb.Ped.Radio.Sal.Pú.$$cÁrea Microbiología
000171031 7102_ $$11011$$2566$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Microb.Ped.Radio.Sal.Pú.$$cÁrea Inmunología
000171031 773__ $$g(2026), 108513 [8 p.]$$pInt. j. infect. dis.$$tINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES$$x1201-9712
000171031 8564_ $$s1154168$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/171031/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000171031 8564_ $$s2983509$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/171031/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000171031 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:171031$$particulos$$pdriver
000171031 951__ $$a2026-05-05-13:36:07
000171031 980__ $$aARTICLE