171074 20260505142650.0 doi 10.3390/pr14081197 sideral 149151 ART-2026-149151 eng de Lima, Harryson Guimarães Integrated assessment of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels derived from fixed-bed pyrolysis of waste tires 2026 The improper disposal of end-of-life tires poses significant environmental challenges due to their petroleum-based composition and slow degradation, while simultaneously representing an underutilized energy resource. This study investigates the slow pyrolysis of shredded waste tires in a fixed-bed electrically heated reactor to evaluate the production and fuel properties of gaseous, liquid, and solid fractions. Experiments were conducted with 100 g samples under nitrogen at final temperatures of 400, 500, and 600 °C, with residence times of 40, 25, and 10 min, respectively. Higher temperatures promoted gas formation, increasing yields from 27% to 32% and achieving a maximum lower heating value of 30.54 MJ m−3 at 600 °C, with enhanced H2 and CH4 contents. Solid yields decreased slightly (41% to 37%), while char maintained stable heating values (~29 MJ kg−1). Liquid yields remained near 33% and showed high calorific values (~41 MJ kg−1), densities of 700–770 kg m−3, low acidity, low ash content, and increased viscosity at higher temperatures. Energy conversion efficiency reached 74.4% at 500 °C. The integrated evaluation of all fractions under identical conditions highlights fixed-bed pyrolysis as a promising pathway for waste-tire valorization and decentralized fuel production. Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PID2023-148958OB-C21 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Júnior, Clériston Moura Vieira Santos, Humberto Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-0297-1834 Júnior, Adalberto Freire do Nascimento Antonino, Antônio Celso Dantas da Silva, Sérgio Peres Ramos 5004 590 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Mecánica Área Máquinas y Motores Térmi. 14, 8 (2026), 1197 [25 pp.] Processes PROCESSES 2227-9717 813250 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/171074/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2336130 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/171074/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:171074 articulos driver 2026-05-05-13:37:11 ARTICLE