@article{FrauTascón:31832,
      author        = "Frau Tascón, María and Verde Arribas, María Teresa and
                       Pardo Cortinas, María",
      title         = "{Otitis externas en perros: análisis de los factores
                       primarios y secundarios implicados en su desarrollo.}",
      year          = "2015",
      note          = "External otitis is one of the most common diseases in the
                       veterinary clinic for small animals, with the highest
                       incidence in dogs than in cats. The aim of this study is to
                       identify and analyze the primary and secondary factors, so
                       as the predisposing and perpetuating factors involved in
                       the pathogenesis of external otitis of the dog. The study
                       was performed on clinical cases of otitis treated at the
                       Dermatology Service of the Hospital of the Faculty of
                       Veterinary Medicine of Zaragoza. In the study period, 162
                       dogs were treated of which 40 had otitis and they have been
                       included in this study. The information for each clinical
                       case was collected on a technical file which was made
                       expressly for the study. The data related to the
                       characteristics of otitis, review and examination of the
                       patient were included in it. The study of the obtained data
                       has given the following results. Regarding the breed
                       factor, the highest incidence occurs in Cockers (20%),
                       mongrels (15%) and French Bulldogs (12,5%). Referring to
                       the predisposing factors, the most important is the
                       conformation of the outer ear pinna detected in 12,5% of
                       cases. Regarding the primary factors, the three most
                       important have been: atopy (70%), parasites (50%) and food
                       hypersensitivity (35%). Secondary factors were analyzed by
                       cytological exams: cocos were the agents most frequently
                       observed, presented in 22,5% of dogs with otitis. Finally
                       the most representative perpetuating factors have been:
                       chronic pathological changes and epidermal or sebaceous
                       hyperplasia. The biggest mistake which is made in the
                       clinical setting is to consider that it is an isolated
                       entity, when in more than 90% of cases the external otitis
                       is a further sign of a more or less generalized
                       dermatological process. To treat and prevent recurrences of
                       otitis is necessary to analyze carefully the factors
                       involved in their development (predisposing, primary,
                       secondary and perpetuating factors).",
}