32466 20210121082905.0 doi 10.3390/resources4040857 sideral 92359 ART-2015-92359 eng (orcid)0000-0001-9263-7321 Calvo, Guiomar Physical assessment of the mineral capital of a nation: the case of an importing and an exporting country 2015 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Intensified mineral consumption and reserve depletion means that it is becoming increasingly important for policymakers to account for and manage national mineral capital. Exergy replacement costs (ERC), an indicator based on the second law of thermodynamics, provides a physical value of mineral loss. When only a unit mass analysis is used, the role of scarcer minerals, such as gold, is obscured. ERC can identify those minerals which are most critical and more difficult to re-concentrate. This paper compares the mineral depletion of that of Colombia and Spain for 2011, both in mass and ERC terms. The Colombian mineral balance for that year is predominately based on fossil fuel extraction and exports, whilst Spain produced industrial minerals but relied heavily upon metals and fossil fuel imports. Using exergy replacement costs, an economic analysis was carried out to determine the impact of mineral extraction, in monetary terms, should the cost of re-concentrating such minerals be taken into account. In 2011, the GDP derived from the extractive sectors of either country did not compensate the mineral resource loss, meaning that mineral patrimony is not being properly evaluated. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/ENE2014-59933-R info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 0.539 2015 Nature and Landscape Conservation 2015 Q2 Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law 2015 Q2 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion (orcid)0000-0003-3330-1793 Valero, Alicia Universidad de Zaragoza Carmona, Luis Gabriel Whiting, Kai 5004 590 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Mecánica Área Máquinas y Motores Térmi. 4, 4 (2015), 857-870 Resources (Basel) Resources (Basel) 2079-9276 1859358 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/32466/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 88606 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/32466/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:32466 articulos driver 2021-01-21-08:17:39 ARTICLE