000036763 001__ 36763 000036763 005__ 20221115124613.0 000036763 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/s151229889 000036763 0248_ $$2sideral$$a93252 000036763 037__ $$aART-2015-93252 000036763 041__ $$aeng 000036763 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-7657-0075$$aSanguesa, J.A. 000036763 245__ $$aSensing traffic density combining V2V and V2I Wireless Communications 000036763 260__ $$c2015 000036763 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000036763 5203_ $$aWireless technologies are making the development of new applications and services in vehicular environments possible since they enable mobile communication between vehicles (V2V), as well as communication between vehicles and infrastructure nodes (V2I). Usually, V2V communications are dedicated to the transmission of small messages mainly focused on improving traffic safety. Instead, V2I communications allow users to access the Internet and benefit from higher level applications. The combination of both V2V and V2I, known as V2X communications, can increase the benefits even further, thereby making intelligent transportation systems (ITS) a reality. In this paper, we introduce V2X-d, a novel architecture specially designed to estimate traffic density on the road. In particular, V2X-d exploits the combination of V2V and V2I communications. Our approach is based on the information gathered by sensors (i.e., vehicles and road side units (RSUs)) and the characteristics of the roadmap topology to accurately make an estimation of the instant vehicle density. The combination of both mechanisms improves the accuracy and coverage area of the data gathered, while increasing the robustness and fault tolerance of the overall approach, e.g., using the information offered by V2V communications to provide additional density information in areas where RSUs are scarce or malfunctioning. By using our collaborative sensing scheme, future ITS solutions will be able to establish adequate dissemination protocols or to apply more efficient traffic congestion reduction policies, since they will be aware of the instantaneous density of vehicles. 000036763 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/T91$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/TEC2014-52690-R 000036763 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000036763 590__ $$a2.033$$b2015 000036763 591__ $$aINSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION$$b12 / 56 = 0.214$$c2015$$dQ1$$eT1 000036763 591__ $$aCHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL$$b36 / 75 = 0.48$$c2015$$dQ2$$eT2 000036763 591__ $$aELECTROCHEMISTRY$$b16 / 27 = 0.593$$c2015$$dQ3$$eT2 000036763 592__ $$a0.647$$b2015 000036763 593__ $$aElectrical and Electronic Engineering$$c2015$$dQ1 000036763 593__ $$aAnalytical Chemistry$$c2015$$dQ2 000036763 593__ $$aAtomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics$$c2015$$dQ2 000036763 593__ $$aMedicine (miscellaneous)$$c2015$$dQ2 000036763 593__ $$aInstrumentation$$c2015$$dQ2 000036763 593__ $$aBiochemistry$$c2015$$dQ3 000036763 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000036763 700__ $$aBarrachina, J. 000036763 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-1044-7335$$aFogue, M.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000036763 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-1750-7225$$aGarrido, P.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000036763 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-6945-7330$$aMartinez, F.J.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000036763 700__ $$aCano, J.C 000036763 700__ $$aCalafate, C.T. 000036763 700__ $$aManzoni, P. 000036763 7102_ $$15007$$2035$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Informát.Ingenie.Sistms.$$cÁrea Arquit.Tecnología Comput. 000036763 7102_ $$15007$$2570$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Informát.Ingenie.Sistms.$$cÁrea Lenguajes y Sistemas Inf. 000036763 773__ $$g15, 12 (2015), 31794-31810$$pSensors$$tSensors$$x1424-8220 000036763 8564_ $$s1539062$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/36763/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000036763 8564_ $$s107813$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/36763/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000036763 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:36763$$particulos$$pdriver 000036763 951__ $$a2022-11-15-12:39:10 000036763 980__ $$aARTICLE