000048655 001__ 48655 000048655 005__ 20200221144311.0 000048655 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3945/ajcn.115.120873 000048655 0248_ $$2sideral$$a94607 000048655 037__ $$aART-2016-94607 000048655 041__ $$aeng 000048655 100__ $$aCashman, K.D. 000048655 245__ $$aVitamin D deficiency in Europe: Pandemic? 000048655 260__ $$c2016 000048655 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000048655 5203_ $$aBackground: Vitamin D deficiency has been described as being pandemic, but serum 25-hydroxyVitamin D 25(OH)D] distribution data for the European Union are of very variable quality. The NIHled international Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) has developed protocols for standardizing existing 25(OH)D values from national health/nutrition surveys. Objective: This study applied VDSP protocols to serum 25(OH)D data from representative childhood/teenage and adult/older adult European populations, representing a sizable geographical footprint, to better quantify the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Europe. Design: The VDSP protocols were applied in 14 population studies reanalysis of subsets of serum 25(OH)D in 11 studies and complete analysis of all samples from 3 studies that had not previously measured it] by using certified liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on biobanked sera. These data were combined with standardized serum 25(OH)D data from 4 previously standardized studies (for a total n = 55,844). Prevalence estimates of Vitamin D deficiency using various serum 25(OH)D thresholds] were generated on the basis of standardized 25(OH)D data. Results: An overall pooled estimate, irrespective of age group, ethnic mix, and latitude of study populations, showed that 13.0% of the 55,844 European individuals had serum 25(OH)D concentrations <30 nmol/L on average in the year, with 17.7% and 8.3% in those sampled during the extended winter (October-March) and summer (April-November) periods, respectively. According to an alternate suggested definition of Vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/ L), the prevalence was 40.4%. Dark-skinned ethnic subgroups had much higher (3- to 71-fold) prevalence of serum 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L than did white populations. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is evident throughout the European population at prevalence rates that are concerning and that require action from a public health perspective. What direction these strategies take will depend on European policy but should aim to ensure Vitamin D intakes that are protective against Vitamin D deficiency in the majority of the European population. 000048655 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/613977/EU/Food-based solutions for Optimal vitamin D Nutrition and health through the life cycle/ODIN 000048655 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000048655 590__ $$a6.926$$b2016 000048655 591__ $$aNUTRITION & DIETETICS$$b3 / 81 = 0.037$$c2016$$dQ1$$eT1 000048655 592__ $$a3.782$$b2016 000048655 593__ $$aNutrition and Dietetics$$c2016$$dQ1 000048655 593__ $$aMedicine (miscellaneous)$$c2016$$dQ1 000048655 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000048655 700__ $$aDowling, K.G. 000048655 700__ $$aŠkrabáková, Z. 000048655 700__ $$aGonzalez-Gross, M. 000048655 700__ $$aValtueña, J . 000048655 700__ $$aDe Henauw, S. 000048655 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-0454-653X$$aMoreno, L.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000048655 700__ $$aDamsgaard, C.T. 000048655 700__ $$aMichaelsen, K.F. 000048655 700__ $$aMølgaard, C. 000048655 700__ $$aJorde, R. 000048655 700__ $$aGrimnes, G. 000048655 700__ $$aMoschonis, G. 000048655 700__ $$aMavrogianni, C. 000048655 700__ $$aManios, Y. 000048655 700__ $$aThamm, M. 000048655 700__ $$aMensink, G.B.M. 000048655 700__ $$aRabenberg, M. 000048655 700__ $$aBusch, M.A. 000048655 700__ $$aCox, L. 000048655 700__ $$aMeadows, S. 000048655 700__ $$aGoldberg, G. 000048655 700__ $$aPrentice, A. 000048655 700__ $$aDekker, J.M. 000048655 700__ $$aNijpels, G. 000048655 700__ $$aPilz, S. 000048655 700__ $$aSwart, K.M. 000048655 700__ $$aVan Schoor, N.M. 000048655 700__ $$aLips, P. 000048655 700__ $$aEiriksdottir, G. 000048655 700__ $$aGudnason, V. 000048655 700__ $$aCotch, M.F. 000048655 700__ $$aKoskinen, S. 000048655 700__ $$aLamberg-Allardt, C. 000048655 700__ $$aDurazo-Arvizu, R. 000048655 700__ $$aSempos, C.T. 000048655 700__ $$aKiely, M. 000048655 7102_ $$11006$$2255$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería$$cÁrea Enfermería 000048655 773__ $$g103, 4 (2016), 1033-1044$$pAm. j. clin. nutr.$$tAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition$$x0002-9165 000048655 8564_ $$s600559$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/48655/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000048655 8564_ $$s132030$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/48655/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000048655 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:48655$$particulos$$pdriver 000048655 951__ $$a2020-02-21-13:37:20 000048655 980__ $$aARTICLE