58384 20170327111933.0 doi 10.1007/s40503-014-0010-6 sideral 89430 ART-2014-89430 eng (orcid)0000-0003-2911-8937 Serrano Lázaro, Víctor Raúl Universidad de Zaragoza New directions of trade for the agri-food industry: a disaggregated approach for different income countries, 1963–2000 2014 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted The principal objective of the present study is to explain the changes in the direction of agri-food trade flows during the second half of the twentieth century. Since the end of the Second World War, trade has tended to be concentrated among developed countries, breaking the pattern of complementarity among industrialized countries and developing countries from the first wave of globalization. Elsewhere, agricultural exports from developing countries to countries of similar income have significantly increased since the 1990s. To compare and explain the evolution of different trade directions, the present article estimates the gravity equation for the bilateral volume of agri-food trade, analyzed separately in four categories of trade flows based on the development level of countries. Specifically, we have used the UN-COMTRADE database to construct a data panel for bilateral trade among 30 reporting countries and 39 partner countries with a significant presence in international markets for the period 1963–2000. The following conclusions can be extracted from the present study. Firstly, while other types of trade, such as manufactures, enjoyed greater multilateral liberalization of their markets, strong market intervention caused them to base their growth on the proliferation and success of regional trade agreements in the North. As a result, agri-food trade concentrated progressively on developed economies. Secondly, the latest liberalization of some preferential trade agreements gave rise to new increases in agricultural trade, this time in South–South flows. Finally, the negative sign of income demand elasticity for imports of agricultural products from Southern countries demonstrates that the latter behaved like inferior goods and also explains why the export growth of such countries suffered a brake on such expansion. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/ECO2012-33286 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 0.0 2014 ECONOMICS info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion (orcid)0000-0003-2256-8898 Pinilla Navarro, Vicente Universidad de Zaragoza 4008 480 Universidad de Zaragoza Departamento de Estructura e Historia Económicas y Economía Pública Historia e Instituciones Económicas 4012 650 Universidad de Zaragoza Departamento de Dirección y Organización de Empresas Organización de Empresas 23, 10 (2014) Lat. Am. econ. rev. Latin American economic review 2198-3526 328583 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/58384/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 60845 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/58384/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:58384 articulos driver 2017-03-14-14:30:59 ARTICLE