Resumen: This article analyses the biological welfare and inequality of the male population of the irrigated area of Valencia between 1859 and 1939. It studies the effects that the agrarian development process had on physical welfare and the relationship between height and access to land ownership. Height data for conscripts in five municipalities constitute the source for the study. The results reveal that there was a growing trend in the evolution of heights in the irrigated area of Valencia at the beginning of agrarian capitalism. Nutritional inequalities can be observed between farmers and farm workers: land owners were taller than landless labourers. However, this biological inequality diminished over the period under study. Idioma: Inglés DOI: 10.1017/S0212610916000185 Año: 2017 Publicado en: REVISTA DE HISTORIA ECONOMICA 35, 1 (2017), 11-47 ISSN: 0212-6109 Factor impacto JCR: 0.438 (2017) Categ. JCR: HISTORY rank: 38 / 89 = 0.427 (2017) - Q2 - T2 Categ. JCR: HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES rank: 20 / 31 = 0.645 (2017) - Q3 - T2 Categ. JCR: ECONOMICS rank: 307 / 353 = 0.87 (2017) - Q4 - T3 Factor impacto SCIMAGO: 0.221 - History (Q1) - Economics and Econometrics (Q3)