000061655 001__ 61655 000061655 005__ 20190709135435.0 000061655 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3389/fmicb.2017.00573 000061655 0248_ $$2sideral$$a99080 000061655 037__ $$aART-2017-99080 000061655 041__ $$aeng 000061655 100__ $$aGarita-Cambronero, J. 000061655 245__ $$aPan-genomic analysis permits differentiation of virulent and non-virulent strains of Xanthomonas arboricola that cohabit Prunus spp. and elucidate bacterial virulence factors 000061655 260__ $$c2017 000061655 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000061655 5203_ $$aXanthomonas arboricola is a plant-associated bacterial species that causes diseases on several plant hosts. One of the most virulent pathovars within this species is X. arboricola pv. pruni (Xap), the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of stone fruit trees and almond. Recently, a non-virulent Xap-look-a-like strain isolated from Prunus was characterized and its genome compared to pathogenic strains of Xap, revealing differences in the profile of virulence factors, such as the genes related to the type III secretion system (T3SS) and type III effectors (T3Es). The existence of this atypical strain arouses several questions associated with the abundance, the pathogenicity, and the evolutionary context of X. arboricola on Prunus hosts. After an initial characterization of a collection of Xanthomonas strains isolated from Prunus bacterial spot outbreaks in Spain during the past decade, six Xap-look-a-like strains, that did not clustered with the pathogenic strains of Xap according to a multi locus sequence analysis, were identified. Pathogenicity of these strains was analyzed and the genome sequences of two Xap-look-a-like strains, CITA 14 and CITA 124, non-virulent to Prunus spp., were obtained and compared to those available genomes of X. arboricola associated with this host plant. Differences were found among the genomes of the virulent and the Prunus non-virulent strains in several characters related to the pathogenesis process. Additionally, a pan-genomic analysis that included the available genomes of X. arboricola, revealed that the atypical strains associated with Prunus were related to a group of non-virulent or low virulent strains isolated from a wide host range. The repertoire of the genes related to T3SS and T3Es varied among the strains of this cluster and those strains related to the most virulent pathovars of the species, corylina, juglandis, and pruni. This variability provides information about the potential evolutionary process associated to the acquisition of pathogenicity and host specificity in X. arboricola. Finally, based in the genomic differences observed between the virulent and the non-virulent strains isolated from Prunus, a sensitive and specific real-time PCR protocol was designed to detect and identify Xap strains. This method avoids miss-identifications due to atypical strains of X. arboricola that can cohabit Prunus. 000061655 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/INIA/RTA2014-00018$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MEC/FPU12-01000 000061655 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000061655 590__ $$a4.019$$b2017 000061655 591__ $$aMICROBIOLOGY$$b31 / 125 = 0.248$$c2017$$dQ1$$eT1 000061655 592__ $$a1.699$$b2017 000061655 593__ $$aMicrobiology (medical)$$c2017$$dQ1 000061655 593__ $$aMicrobiology$$c2017$$dQ1 000061655 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000061655 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-3777-8612$$aPalacio-Bielsa, A. 000061655 700__ $$aLópez, M.M. 000061655 700__ $$aCubero, J. 000061655 773__ $$g8, APR (2017), 573 [17 pp]$$pFront. microbiol.$$tFRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY$$x1664-302X 000061655 8564_ $$s1871323$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/61655/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000061655 8564_ $$s11457$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/61655/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000061655 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:61655$$particulos$$pdriver 000061655 951__ $$a2019-07-09-11:33:48 000061655 980__ $$aARTICLE