63196 20190709135513.0 doi 10.3390/su9101870 sideral 101902 ART-2017-101902 eng (orcid)0000-0001-5003-4039 Suarez-Perales, Inés Universidad de Zaragoza Is strategic proactivity a driver of an environmental strategy? Effects of innovation and internationalization leadership 2017 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted This study analyses strategic proactivity as a driving factor in the implementation of an advanced environmental strategy in a firm. Strategic proactivity is defined as a firm''s tendency to initiate voluntary changes instead of reacting to events in the environment and according to previous literature, can be interpreted as a combination of internal factors that characterise a firm''s business strategy as that of a prospector firm. In this study, we measured this through innovation, with two variables related to the firm''s entire production cycle: R&D expenditure and patents. However, we also considered two more strategic proactivity indicators: innovation proactivity and internationalisation proactivity. These two proactivity variables take into account the innovative and international actions of the firms, going beyond the actions usually taken by firms in the same sector. Using panel data methodology, we obtained results that show that firms who invest in R&D and patent their innovations achievemore advanced positions in their environmental strategies. Empirical evidence also shows that firms with a greater innovation effort throughout the production cycle (product, process, organisation and marketing) than their competitors also attain more advanced positions (proactivity) in environmental matters. In other words, innovation proactivity is a driver of environmental strategy. In relation to internationalization, the results also showed that firms that operate in a larger geographical area than their competitors adapt to the most demanding environmental legislation, placing them in a position of environmental leadership in their respective sectors. The inclusion of internationalization as an indicator of strategic proactivity, the measurement of proactivity variables and the correction of firms'' specific unobserved aspects are some of this paper''s contributions. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/CREVALOR info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/ECO2013-48496-C4-3-R info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/ECO2016-77-P info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 2.075 2017 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 51 / 108 = 0.472 2017 Q2 T2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 3 / 6 = 0.5 2017 Q2 T2 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 21 / 33 = 0.636 2017 Q3 T2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 120 / 241 = 0.498 2017 Q2 T2 0.537 2017 Geography, Planning and Development 2017 Q2 Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law 2017 Q2 Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment 2017 Q3 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion (orcid)0000-0003-4045-5918 Garces-Ayerbe, Concepción Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-9319-5895 Rivera-Torres, Pilar Universidad de Zaragoza Suarez-Galvez, Cristina 4012 650 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Direcc.Organiza.Empresas Área Organización de Empresas 4011 095 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Direc.Mark.Inves.Mercad. Área Comerci.Investig.Mercados 9, 10 (2017), [13 pp] Sustainability (Basel) Sustainability (Switzerland) 2071-1050 306364 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/63196/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 112170 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/63196/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:63196 articulos driver 2019-07-09-11:53:06 ARTICLE