000069738 001__ 69738 000069738 005__ 20190709135538.0 000069738 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1126/sciadv.1601444 000069738 0248_ $$2sideral$$a104812 000069738 037__ $$aART-2017-104812 000069738 041__ $$aeng 000069738 100__ $$aWang, Z. 000069738 245__ $$aOnymity promotes cooperation in social dilemma experiments 000069738 260__ $$c2017 000069738 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000069738 5203_ $$aOne of the most elusive scientific challenges for over 150 years has been to explain why cooperation survives despite being a seemingly inferior strategy from an evolutionary point of view. Over the years, various theoretical scenarios aimed at solving the evolutionary puzzle of cooperation have been proposed, eventually identifying several cooperation-promoting mechanisms: kin selection, direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, network reciprocity, and group selection. We report the results of repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma experiments with anonymous and onymous pairwise interactions among individuals. We find that onymity significantly increases the frequency of cooperation and the median payoff per round relative to anonymity. Furthermore, we also show that the correlation between players’ ranks and the usage of strategies (cooperation, defection, or punishment) underwent a fundamental shift, whereby more prosocial actions are rewarded with a better ranking under onymity. Our findings prove that reducing anonymity is a valid promoter of cooperation, leading to higher payoffs for cooperators and thus suppressing an incentive—anonymity—that would ultimately favor defection. 000069738 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000069738 590__ $$a11.511$$b2017 000069738 591__ $$aMULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES$$b4 / 64 = 0.062$$c2017$$dQ1$$eT1 000069738 592__ $$a5.817$$b2017 000069738 593__ $$aMedicine (miscellaneous)$$c2017$$dQ1 000069738 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000069738 700__ $$aJusup, M. 000069738 700__ $$aWang, R.W. 000069738 700__ $$aShi, L. 000069738 700__ $$aIwasa, Y. 000069738 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-0895-1893$$aMoreno, Y.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000069738 700__ $$aKurths, J. 000069738 7102_ $$12004$$2405$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Física Teórica$$cÁrea Física Teórica 000069738 773__ $$g3, 3 (2017), e1601444 [8 pp]$$pSci. Adv.$$tScience Advances$$x2375-2548 000069738 8564_ $$s258736$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/69738/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000069738 8564_ $$s140166$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/69738/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000069738 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:69738$$particulos$$pdriver 000069738 951__ $$a2019-07-09-12:06:07 000069738 980__ $$aARTICLE