69738 20240614091131.0 doi 10.1126/sciadv.1601444 sideral 104812 ART-2017-104812 eng Wang, Z. Onymity promotes cooperation in social dilemma experiments 2017 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted One of the most elusive scientific challenges for over 150 years has been to explain why cooperation survives despite being a seemingly inferior strategy from an evolutionary point of view. Over the years, various theoretical scenarios aimed at solving the evolutionary puzzle of cooperation have been proposed, eventually identifying several cooperation-promoting mechanisms: kin selection, direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, network reciprocity, and group selection. We report the results of repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma experiments with anonymous and onymous pairwise interactions among individuals. We find that onymity significantly increases the frequency of cooperation and the median payoff per round relative to anonymity. Furthermore, we also show that the correlation between players’ ranks and the usage of strategies (cooperation, defection, or punishment) underwent a fundamental shift, whereby more prosocial actions are rewarded with a better ranking under onymity. Our findings prove that reducing anonymity is a valid promoter of cooperation, leading to higher payoffs for cooperators and thus suppressing an incentive—anonymity—that would ultimately favor defection. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 41.058 2017 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES 2 / 63 = 0.032 2017 Q1 T1 14.142 2017 History and Philosophy of Science 2017 Q1 Multidisciplinary 2017 Q1 Medicine (miscellaneous) 2017 Q1 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Jusup, M. Wang, R.W. Shi, L. Iwasa, Y. Moreno, Y. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-0895-1893 Kurths, J. 2004 405 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Física Teórica Área Física Teórica 3, 3 (2017), e1601444 [8 pp] Sci. Science 0036-8075 258736 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/69738/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 140166 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/69738/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:69738 articulos driver 2024-06-14-09:06:56 ARTICLE