doi:10.1177/2050640617727180engLatorre, E.Layunta, E.Grasa, L.Pardo, J.García, S.Alcalde, A. I.Mesonero, J. E.Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 modulate intestinal IL-10 differently in ileum and colonART-2018-102262Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases are consequence of an intestinal homeostasis breakdown in which innate immune dysregulation is implicated. Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 are immune recognition receptors expressed in the intestinal epithelium, the first physical-physiological barrier for microorganisms, to inform the host of the presence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Interleukin (IL)-10 is an essential anti-inflammatory cytokine that contributes to maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Aim: Our main aim was to investigate intestinal IL-10 synthesis and release, and whether TLR2 and TLR4 are determinants of IL-10 expression in the intestinal tract. Methods: We used Caco-2 cell line as an enterocyte-like cell model, and also ileum and colon from mice deficient in TLR2, TLR4 or TLR2/4 to test the involvement of TLR signaling. Results: Intestinal epithelial cells are able to synthesize and release IL-10 and their expression is increased after TLR2 or TLR4 activation. IL-10 regulation seems to be tissue specific, with IL-10 expression in the ileum regulated by a compensation between TLR2 and TLR4 expression, whereas in the colon, TLR2 and TLR4 affect IL-10 expression independently. Conclusions: Intestinal epithelial cells could release IL-10 in response to TLR activation, playing an intestinal tissue-dependent and critical intestinal immune role.2018http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/6993510.1177/2050640617727180http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/69935oai:zaguan.unizar.es:69935info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/B61info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN-FEDER/BFU2010-18971info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/UZ/2014-BIO-03United European Gastroenterology Journal 6, 3 (2018), 446-453All rights reservedhttp://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess