70194 20190709135450.0 doi 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.05.001 sideral 98946 ART-2017-98946 eng Santoro, S. A non-invasive optical method for mapping temperature polarization in direct contact membrane distillation 2017 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Membrane Distillation (MD) is a thermal membrane process allowing for a theoretical 100% rejection of non-volatile compounds (i.e. ions, macromolecules, colloids, cells), whereas vapour molecules permeate through a micro-porous hydrophobic membrane due to a difference of vapour pressure established across the membrane-self. The effective driving force and, then, the vapour trans-membrane flux is affected by temperature polarization phenomena occurring in the boundary layers adjacent to the membrane. The temperature values at the membrane surface are usually difficult to measure and only recently some invasive techniques were adopted for this scope. The aim of this work was to introduce luminescent molecular probing as an innovative technology for non-invasive and in-situ monitoring of thermal polarization in MD. Tris(phenantroline)ruthenium(II) chloride (Ru(phen)3) was selected as temperature sensitive luminescent probe and immobilized in a flat poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun nanofibrous membrane (PVDF ENM). Experiments showed the key role of the Ru(phen)3 and Lithium Chloride (LiCl) in the preparation of homogeneous PVDF ENM due to their ionic nature that improved the electrical conductivity of the polymeric solution favouring the electrospinning. Furthermore, PVDF ENM showed a good performance in Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD) process. The immobilization of the molecular probe allowed to optically monitoring the membrane surface temperature during DCMD experiments. On the other hand, the employment of an IR-camera permitted the evaluation of the temperature of the bulk of liquid streams. Therefore, the combination of these two optical techniques enabled to evaluate, in a direct and non-invasive way, the thermal polarization along the membrane module during DCMD experiments. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/B008-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by-nc-nd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ 6.578 2017 POLYMER SCIENCE 3 / 87 = 0.034 2017 Q1 T1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL 9 / 137 = 0.066 2017 Q1 T1 2.4 2017 Biochemistry 2017 Q1 Physical and Theoretical Chemistry 2017 Q1 Materials Science (miscellaneous) 2017 Q1 Filtration and Separation 2017 Q1 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion (orcid)0000-0002-6336-7542 Vidorreta, I. M. (orcid)0000-0002-6873-5244 Sebastian, V. Universidad de Zaragoza Moro, A. Coelhoso, I. M. Portugal, C. A. M. Lima, J. C. Desiderio, G. Lombardo, G. Drioli, E. (orcid)0000-0002-4758-9380 Mallada, R. Universidad de Zaragoza Crespo, J. G. Criscuoli, A. Figoli, A. 5005 555 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ing.Quím.Tecnol.Med.Amb. Área Ingeniería Química 536 (2017), 156-166 J. membr. sci. JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE 0376-7388 1686441 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/70194/files/texto_completo.pdf Postprint 83383 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/70194/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Postprint oai:zaguan.unizar.es:70194 articulos driver 2019-07-09-11:40:22 ARTICLE