71061 20190709135700.0 doi 10.1111/jiec.12624 sideral 106120 ART-2017-106120 eng (orcid)0000-0001-9263-7321 Calvo Sevillano, Guiomar Thermodynamic approach to evaluate the criticality of raw materials and its application through a material flow analysis in Europe 2017 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted This paper makes a review of current raw material criticality assessment methodologies and proposes a new approach based on the second law of thermodynamics. This is because conventional methods mostly focus on supply risk and economic importance leaving behind relevant factors, such as the physical quality of substances. The new approach is proposed as an additional dimension for the criticality assessment of raw materials through a variable denoted “thermodynamic rarity,” which accounts for the exergy cost required to obtain a mineral commodity from bare rock, using prevailing technology. Accordingly, a given raw material will be thermodynamically rare if it is: (1) currently energy intensive to obtain and (2) scarce in nature. If a given commodity presents a high risk in two of the three dimensions (economic importance, supply risk, and thermodynamic rarity), it is proposed to be critical. As a result, a new critical material list is presented, adding to the 2014 criticality list of the European Commission (EC) Li, Ta, Te, V, and Mo. With this new list and using Sankey diagrams, a material flow analysis has been carried out for Europe (EU-28) for 2014, comparing the results when using tonnage and thermodynamic rarity as units of measure. Through the latter, one can put emphasis on the quality and not only on the quantity of minerals traded and domestically produced in the region, thereby providing a tool for improving resource management. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/ENE2014-59933-R This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No H2020 691287-MEDEAS info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/691287/EU/Guiding European Policy toward a low-carbon economy. Modelling Energy system Development under Environmental And Socioeconomic constraints/MEDEAS info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 4.356 2017 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL 12 / 50 = 0.24 2017 Q1 T1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 40 / 241 = 0.166 2017 Q1 T1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 9 / 33 = 0.273 2017 Q2 T1 1.237 2017 Economics and Econometrics 2017 Q1 Social Sciences (miscellaneous) 2017 Q1 Environmental Science (miscellaneous) 2017 Q1 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion (orcid)0000-0003-3330-1793 Valero Delgado, Alicia Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-0702-733X Valero Capilla, Antonio Universidad de Zaragoza 5004 590 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Mecánica Área Máquinas y Motores Térmi. 22, 4 (2017), 839-852 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY 1088-1980 816138 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/71061/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 82560 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/71061/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:71061 articulos driver 2019-07-09-12:48:26 ARTICLE