75740 20190709135652.0 doi 10.1021/acsami.7b14812 sideral 104280 ART-2017-104280 eng (orcid)0000-0002-2576-6382 Prieto, Martín Light emitting photon-upconversion nanoparticles in the generation of transdermal reactive oxygen species 2017 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Common photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy do not penetrate the skin effectively. In addition, the visible blue and red lights used to excite such photosensitizers have shallow penetration depths through tissue. To overcome these limitations, we have synthesized ultraviolet- and visible-light-emitting, energy-transfer-based upconversion nanoparticles and coencapsulated them inside PLGA-PEG (methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) nanoparticles with the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX. Nd3+ has been introduced as a sensitizer in the upconversion nanostructure to allow its excitation at 808 nm. The subcytotoxic doses of the hybrid nanoparticles have been evaluated on different cell lines (i.e., fibroblasts, HaCaT, THP-1 monocytic cell line, U251MG (glioblastoma cell line), and mMSCs (murine mesenchymal stem cells). Upon NIR (near infrared)-light excitation, the upconversion nanoparticles emitted UV and VIS light, which consequently activated the generation of reactive-oxygen species (ROS). In addition, after irradiating at 808 nm, the resulting hybrid nanoparticles containing both upconversion nanoparticles and protoporphyrin IX generated 3.4 times more ROS than PLGA-PEG nanoparticles containing just the same dose of protoporphyrin IX. Their photodynamic effect was also assayed on different cell cultures, demonstrating their efficacy in selectively killing treated and irradiated cells. Compared to the topical application of the free photosensitizer, enhanced skin permeation and penetration were observed for the nanoparticulate formulation, using an ex vivo human-skin-permeation experiment. Whereas free protoporphyrin IX remained located at the outer layer of the skin, nanoparticle-encapsulated protoporphyrin IX was able to penetrate through the epidermal layer slightly into the dermis. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/614715/EU/A Photo-triggered On-demand Drug Delivery System for Chronic Pain/NANOHEDONISM info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess All rights reserved http://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/ 8.097 2017 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY 15 / 92 = 0.163 2017 Q1 T1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 26 / 285 = 0.091 2017 Q1 T1 2.784 2017 Materials Science (miscellaneous) 2017 Q1 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2017 Q1 Medicine (miscellaneous) 2017 Q1 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion Rwei, Alina Y. (orcid)0000-0002-9324-0446 Alejo, Teresa Wei, Tuo López-Franco, María Teresa (orcid)0000-0003-2293-363X Mendoza, Gracia (orcid)0000-0002-6873-5244 Sebastián, Víctor Universidad de Zaragoza Kohane, Daniel S. (orcid)0000-0003-3165-0156 Arruebo, Manuel Universidad de Zaragoza 5005 555 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ing.Quím.Tecnol.Med.Amb. Área Ingeniería Química 9, 48 (2017), 41737-41747 ACS appl. mater. interfaces ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 1944-8244 1054479 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/75740/files/texto_completo.pdf Postprint 47941 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/75740/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Postprint oai:zaguan.unizar.es:75740 articulos driver 2019-07-09-12:44:05 ARTICLE