000078178 001__ 78178 000078178 005__ 20230111103823.0 000078178 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00055 000078178 0248_ $$2sideral$$a110927 000078178 037__ $$aART-2019-110927 000078178 041__ $$aeng 000078178 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-9726-3250$$aNavarro-Haro, M.V.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000078178 245__ $$aEvaluation of a mindfulness-based intervention with and without virtual reality dialectical behavior therapy® mindfulness skills training for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in primary care: A pilot study 000078178 260__ $$c2019 000078178 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000078178 5203_ $$aGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a very prevalent disorder in primary care (PC). Most patients with GAD never seek treatment, and those who do seek treatment often drop out before completing treatment. Although it is an understudied treatment, Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) indicate preliminary efficacy for the treatment of GAD symptoms, but many patients with GAD present other associated symptoms (e.g., attention deficits) that complicate the treatment. Virtual Reality DBT® Mindfulness Skills learning has recently been developed to make learning mindfulness easier for patients with emotion dysregulation who have trouble concentrating. Virtual Reality (VR) might serve as a visual guide for practicing mindfulness as it gives patients the illusion of "being there" in the 3D computer generated world. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of two MBIs (a MBI in a group setting alone and the same MBI plus 10 min VR DBT® Mindfulness skills training) to reduce GAD symptoms. A secondary aim was to explore the effect in depression, emotion regulation, mindfulness, and interoceptive awareness. Other exploratory aims regarding the use of VR DBT® Mindfulness skills were also carried out. The sample was composed of 42 patients (roughly half in each group) with GAD attending PC visits. After treatment, both groups of patients showed significant improvements in General Anxiety Disorder measured by the GAD-7 using mixed regression models [MBI alone (B = -5.70; p < 0.001; d = -1.36), MBI+VR DBT® Mindfulness skills (B = -4.38; p < 0.001; d = -1.33)]. Both groups also showed significant improvements in anxiety, depression, difficulties of emotion regulation and several aspects of mindfulness and interoceptive awareness. Patients in the group that received additional 10 min VR DBT Mindfulness Skills training were significantly more adherent to the treatment than those receiving only standard MBI (100% completion rate in MBI + VR vs. 70% completion rate in MBI alone; Fisher = 0.020). Although randomized controlled studies with larger samples are needed, this pilot study shows preliminary effectiveness of MBI to treat GAD, and preliminary evidence that adjunctive VR DBT® Mindfulness Skills may reduce dropouts. 000078178 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/B17-17R$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII-MINECO-FEDER/RD16-0007-0005 000078178 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000078178 590__ $$a2.067$$b2019 000078178 592__ $$a0.914$$b2019 000078178 591__ $$aPSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY$$b45 / 138 = 0.326$$c2019$$dQ2$$eT1 000078178 593__ $$aPsychology (miscellaneous)$$c2019$$dQ1 000078178 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000078178 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-1575-7738$$aModrego-Alarcón, M. 000078178 700__ $$aHoffman, H.G. 000078178 700__ $$aLópez-Montoyo, A. 000078178 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-4842-0453$$aNavarro-Gil, M.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000078178 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-5677-1662$$aMontero-Marin, J. 000078178 700__ $$aGarcía-Palacios, A. 000078178 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-1437-2353$$aBorao, L.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000078178 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-3797-4218$$aGarcía-Campayo, J.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000078178 7102_ $$11007$$2745$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Medicina, Psiqu. y Derm.$$cArea Psiquiatría 000078178 7102_ $$14009$$2735$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Psicología y Sociología$$cÁrea Psicolog.Evolut.Educac 000078178 7102_ $$14009$$2680$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Psicología y Sociología$$cÁrea Person.Eval.Trat.Psicoló. 000078178 773__ $$g10 (2019), 55 [14 pp.]$$pFront. psychol.$$tFrontiers in Psychology$$x1664-1078 000078178 8564_ $$s357376$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/78178/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000078178 8564_ $$s23851$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/78178/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000078178 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:78178$$particulos$$pdriver 000078178 951__ $$a2023-01-11-10:06:26 000078178 980__ $$aARTICLE