000078954 001__ 78954 000078954 005__ 20200716101457.0 000078954 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3389/fpls.2019.00138 000078954 0248_ $$2sideral$$a111334 000078954 037__ $$aART-2019-111334 000078954 041__ $$aeng 000078954 100__ $$aArrillaga, I. 000078954 245__ $$aNew Approaches to Optimize Somatic Embryogenesis in Maritime Pine 000078954 260__ $$c2019 000078954 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000078954 5203_ $$aMaritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) is a coniferous native of the Mediterranean basin. Because of its adaptability to a wide range of environmental conditions, the species have become a model for studies in coniferous forest management and functional genomics. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) has been so far, the preferred biotechnological strategy for maritime pine breeding programs initiated at the middle-end of the 20th century. To overcome the limitations of the induction and maturation phases in maritime pine SE, we analyzed the possible maternal influence on the embryogenic capability of megagametophytes from controlled crosses, as well as the effect of the temperature and water availability during SE process on the production of plants. A strong maternal effect on the embryogenic potential of maritime pine megagametophytes was observed in our experiments using half-sib and full-sib progenies, while paternal effect was almost undetectable. Besides, it seems possible to improve somatic embryo production of maritime pine megagametophytes by adjusting optimal temperature throughout the process: 28 degrees C during induction and proliferation, and 23 degrees C during the maturation phase. Using induction and proliferation media with reduced water availability (6 g/L Gelrite) can also increase embryo production. Since other limitation of maritime pine SE is culture decline of embryogenic masses (EMs), that reduces embryo yield and germination, we assessed the profile of ABA and IAA and the expression of two embryogenesis-related genes (LEC1 and WOX2) during maturation of EMs of two morphotypes that differed in their maturation capability. Spiky morphotype (SK), with high maturation capability, had a steady increase in both hormones along the 12 weeks of the maturation, whereas ABA content in smooth morphotype picked at the 4th week and dropped. EMs with this morphotype also had a higher IAA content at the beginning of the maturation. A decrease of LEC1 and WOX2 gene expression over the course of embryo development was found to be characteristic of the SK with high maturation capability. 000078954 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO-FEDER/AGL2013-47400-C4-4-R$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO-FEDER/AGL2016-76143-C4-1-R$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO-FEDER/BES-2014-69171 000078954 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nc-nd$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ 000078954 590__ $$a4.402$$b2019 000078954 591__ $$aPLANT SCIENCES$$b19 / 234 = 0.081$$c2019$$dQ1$$eT1 000078954 592__ $$a1.691$$b2019 000078954 593__ $$aPlant Science$$c2019$$dQ1 000078954 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000078954 700__ $$aMorcillo, M. 000078954 700__ $$aZanon, I. 000078954 700__ $$aLario, F. 000078954 700__ $$aSegura, J. 000078954 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-0582-5418$$aSales, E.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000078954 7102_ $$15011$$2705$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. CC.Agrar.y Medio Natural$$cÁrea Producción Vegetal 000078954 773__ $$g10 (2019), 138 [14 pp]$$pFront. plant sci.$$tFRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE$$x1664-462X 000078954 8564_ $$s470008$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/78954/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000078954 8564_ $$s21952$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/78954/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000078954 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:78954$$particulos$$pdriver 000078954 951__ $$a2020-07-16-09:10:35 000078954 980__ $$aARTICLE