doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2018.03.004engAlvarez-Arguedas, S.Uranga, S.Martín, M.Elizalde, J.Gomez, A.B.Julián, E.Nardelli-Haefliger, D.Martín, C.Aguilo, N.Therapeutic efficacy of the live-attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine, MTBVAC, in a preclinical model of bladder cancerART-2018-106599Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been a first-line therapy for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer for the last 4 decades. However, this treatment causes serious adverse events in a significant number of patients and a substantial percentage of recurrence episodes. MTBVAC is a live-attenuated vaccine derived from a Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolate and is currently under evaluation in clinical trials to replace BCG as a tuberculosis vaccine. Here, we describe for the first time the potential of MTBVAC as a bladder cancer therapy in vitro and in vivo in a preclinical model. MTBVAC colonized human bladder tumor cells to a much greater extent than BCG via a mechanism mediated by macropinocytosis and induced cell growth inhibition after internalization. In vivo testing in an orthotopic murine model of bladder cancer demonstrated a higher antitumor effect of MTBVAC in experimental conditions in which BCG did not work. Our data encourage further studies to support the possible application of MTBVAC as a new immunotherapeutic agent for bladder cancer.2018http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/7913910.1016/j.trsl.2018.03.004http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/79139oai:zaguan.unizar.es:79139info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/FSEinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/BIO2014-5258PTranslational Research 197 (2018), 32-42by-nc-ndhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess