Resumen: Electrospinning is a versatile technique that uses an electrical charge to produce very fine fibers from a polymeric solution. It has very high potential to be applied in different fields as in energy storage, in medicine, in cosmetics and in catalysis. Electrospinning is cost effective, reproducible and it can produce long and continuous nanofibers. Polymers such polyamides, polyalcohol and PVP among others, can be easily electrospun. The use of inorganic nanofibers obtained from template-based electrospun polymers is increasing because their performance in different applications due to the high surface to volume ratio. In this work three different nanofibers (Ce2O/NiO, CeO2/NiO/MgO and TiO2-doped-Fe2O3 NP) were synthesized trough electrospinning process followed by a calcination process. The processing conditions such as voltage applied and feed rate in the electrospinning process were studied to find the best conditions for uniform fibers production. The calcination process was performed to completely oxidize the organic PVP present and promote the growth of the oxide nanoparticles that form the nanofiber. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), microwave plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to study the morphology, chemical and crystal characteristics of the samples. This work discusses the possibility to future use of the different synthesized nanofibers in the applications in catalysis for the CO2 methanation reaction (CeO2/NiO and CeO2/NiO/MgO nanofibers) and the water pollutants removal (TiO2-dop-Fe2O3 NP)