000088466 001__ 88466 000088466 005__ 20200716101418.0 000088466 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1007/s00198-019-04857-3 000088466 0248_ $$2sideral$$a110662 000088466 037__ $$aART-2019-110662 000088466 041__ $$aeng 000088466 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-0520-1640$$aGomez-Bruton, A.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000088466 245__ $$aThe muscle-bone unit in adolescent swimmers 000088466 260__ $$c2019 000088466 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000088466 5203_ $$aMost researchers adjust bone by lean mass when comparing swimmers with controls. This adjustment is done under the assumption that lean affects bone similarly in both groups. Nonetheless, we found that the muscle-bone association is uncoupled in swimmers, and consequently, researchers should avoid this adjustment when evaluating swimmers’ bone. Introduction: To examine the functional and structural muscle-bone unit in adolescent swimmers. Methods: Sixty-five swimmers (34 girls/31 boys) and 119 controls (51 girls/68 boys) participated in the study. Muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA), bone mineral content (BMC), and polar strength-strain index (SSIPOL) were measured in the non-dominant radius by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Subtotal BMC and lean mass were evaluated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Handgrip and isometric knee extension (IKE) tests were performed to determine muscle force. The effect of MCSA, lean and force on SSIPOL, and BMC were tested, and the functional and structural muscle-bone ratios of swimmers and controls were compared. Results: Both muscle size (MCSA and lean) and muscle force (handgrip and IKE) influenced BMC and SSIPOL in swimmers and controls similarly. Swimmers presented normal MCSA and lean values for their height, but when compared with controls, swimmers presented a higher amount of lean and MCSA for the same BMC or SSIPOL (structural muscle-bone unit). For the functional muscle-bone unit, different results were found for the lower and upper limbs, as no differences were found for the upper limbs, while for the lower limbs, swimmers presented higher muscle force for the same amount of BMC. Conclusions: The contradictory results regarding BMC in swimmers found in previous studies could partly be explained with the findings of the present study that reinforce the idea that swimming is not an effective sport to practice regarding bone mass and that the muscle-bone unit is different in swimmers than in controls. 000088466 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aAll rights reserved$$uhttp://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/ 000088466 590__ $$a3.864$$b2019 000088466 592__ $$a1.367$$b2019 000088466 591__ $$aENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM$$b44 / 143 = 0.308$$c2019$$dQ2$$eT1 000088466 593__ $$aMedicine (miscellaneous)$$c2019$$dQ1 000088466 593__ $$aEndocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism$$c2019$$dQ1 000088466 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion 000088466 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-1132-5906$$aGonzalez-Agüero, A.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000088466 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-8500-1667$$aMatute-Llorente, A.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000088466 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-0137-9900$$aLozano-Berges, G.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000088466 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-6492-2512$$aGomez-Cabello, A.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000088466 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-0454-653X$$aMoreno, L.A.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000088466 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-7215-6931$$aCasajus, J.A.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000088466 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-4303-4097$$aVicente-Rodríguez, G.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000088466 7102_ $$11006$$2255$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería$$cÁrea Enfermería 000088466 7102_ $$11006$$2245$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería$$cÁrea Educación Física y Depor. 000088466 773__ $$g30, 5 (2019), 1079-1088$$pOsteoporos. int.$$tOSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL$$x0937-941X 000088466 8564_ $$s797712$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/88466/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yPostprint 000088466 8564_ $$s225420$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/88466/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yPostprint 000088466 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:88466$$particulos$$pdriver 000088466 951__ $$a2020-07-16-08:38:25 000088466 980__ $$aARTICLE