000089735 001__ 89735 000089735 005__ 20210902121815.0 000089735 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.renene.2020.05.053 000089735 0248_ $$2sideral$$a118117 000089735 037__ $$aART-2020-118117 000089735 041__ $$aeng 000089735 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-3174-9703$$aYusta, J.M.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000089735 245__ $$aMeasuring the internationalization of the wind energy industry 000089735 260__ $$c2020 000089735 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000089735 5203_ $$aWind energy has grown from less than 20 gigawatts (GW) in 2000 to 590 GW by the end of 2018 and already provides 6% of the electricity consumed in the world. During this period, the wind energy technology industry has evolved from a local to a global business. To illustrate the globalization of this sector, this research assesses the effectiveness of the firms’ international strategies based on empirical indicators. The intensity, the speed of internationalization, the geographic extensity and diversification are calculated and analyzed. The results indicate that the most successful firms are the market leaders Vestas and Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy, and they are characterized by leading in both the depth (sales abroad/total sales) and width (number of countries) of internationalization as well as in geographic diversification. These companies are closely followed by four European and American firms: Enercon, Nordex, General Electric and Senvion. To date, Chinese firms, leaders in the largest market (China), are in general unable to internationalize as effectively as firms from other constituencies. Our results reveal that strong rivalry pressure in the domestic market is not a guarantee for the international competitiveness of its best-performing firms in the case of the wind energy industry – unless there are special characteristics in that domestic market. 000089735 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000089735 590__ $$a8.001$$b2020 000089735 591__ $$aGREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY$$b7 / 44 = 0.159$$c2020$$dQ1$$eT1 000089735 591__ $$aENERGY & FUELS$$b16 / 114 = 0.14$$c2020$$dQ1$$eT1 000089735 592__ $$a1.825$$b2020 000089735 593__ $$aRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment$$c2020$$dQ1 000089735 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000089735 700__ $$aLacal-Arántegui, R. 000089735 7102_ $$15009$$2535$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Eléctrica$$cÁrea Ingeniería Eléctrica 000089735 773__ $$g157 (2020), 593-604$$pRenew. energy$$tRenewable Energy$$x0960-1481 000089735 8564_ $$s377560$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/89735/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000089735 8564_ $$s35200$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/89735/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000089735 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:89735$$particulos$$pdriver 000089735 951__ $$a2021-09-02-10:03:52 000089735 980__ $$aARTICLE