89782 20210902121658.0 doi 10.3390/app10062068 sideral 117893 ART-2020-117893 eng (orcid)0000-0002-1490-6423 Dufo-López, R. Universidad de Zaragoza Special issue on standalone renewable energy system: Modeling and controlling 2020 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted 1. Introduction Standalone (off-grid) renewable energy systems supply electricity in places where there is no access to a standard electrical grid. These systems may include photovoltaic generators, wind turbines, hydro turbines or any other renewable electrical generator. Usually this kind of system includes electricity storage (commonly, lead-acid batteries, but also other types of storage can be used, such as lithium batteries, other battery technologies, supercapacitors and hydrogen). In some cases, a backup generator (usually powered by fossil fuel, diesel or gasoline) is part of the hybrid system. Low-power standalone systems are usually called off-grid systems and typically power single households by diesel generators or by solar photovoltaic (PV) systems (solar home systems) [1]. Systems of higher power are called micro- or mini-grids, which can supply several households or even a whole village. Mini- or micro-grids, powered by renewable sources, can be classified as smart grids, allowing information exchange between the consumers and the distributed generation [2]. The modelling of the components, the control of the system and the simulation of the performance of the whole system are necessary to evaluate the system technically and economically. The optimization of the sizing and/or the control is also an important task in this kind of systems... info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 2.679 2020 PHYSICS, APPLIED 73 / 160 = 0.456 2020 Q2 T2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 38 / 91 = 0.418 2020 Q2 T2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 101 / 178 = 0.567 2020 Q3 T2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 201 / 333 = 0.604 2020 Q3 T2 0.435 2020 Computer Science Applications 2020 Q2 Engineering (miscellaneous) 2020 Q2 Process Chemistry and Technology 2020 Q2 Instrumentation 2020 Q2 Materials Science (miscellaneous) 2020 Q2 Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes 2020 Q2 info:eu-repo/semantics/other info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion (orcid)0000-0003-2813-1240 Bernal-Agustín, J.L. Universidad de Zaragoza 5009 535 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Eléctrica Área Ingeniería Eléctrica 10, 6 (2020), 2068 [2 pp] Appl. sci. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2076-3417 149756 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/89782/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 491109 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/89782/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:89782 articulos driver 2021-09-02-09:12:20 ARTICLE