000089938 001__ 89938 000089938 005__ 20210902121747.0 000089938 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1093/ije/dyz099 000089938 0248_ $$2sideral$$a118386 000089938 037__ $$aART-2020-118386 000089938 041__ $$aeng 000089938 100__ $$aTaddei, C. 000089938 245__ $$aNational trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries 000089938 260__ $$c2020 000089938 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000089938 5203_ $$aBackground: Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and nonHDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries. Methods: We pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group. Results: Since similar to 1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at similar to 0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as similar to 0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to similar to 26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China. Conclusions: HDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol. 000089938 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000089938 590__ $$a7.196$$b2020 000089938 591__ $$aPUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH$$b14 / 203 = 0.069$$c2020$$dQ1$$eT1 000089938 592__ $$a3.406$$b2020 000089938 593__ $$aMedicine (miscellaneous)$$c2020$$dQ1 000089938 593__ $$aEpidemiology$$c2020$$dQ1 000089938 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000089938 700__ $$aJackson, R. 000089938 700__ $$aZhou, B. 000089938 700__ $$aBixby, H. 000089938 700__ $$aDanaei, G. 000089938 700__ $$aDi Cesare, M. 000089938 700__ $$aKuulasmaa, K. 000089938 700__ $$aHajifathalian, K. 000089938 700__ $$aBentham, J. 000089938 700__ $$aBennett, J.E. 000089938 700__ $$aAekplakorn, W. 000089938 700__ $$aCifkova, R. 000089938 700__ $$aDallongeville, J. 000089938 700__ $$aDeBacquer, D. 000089938 700__ $$aGiampaoli, S. 000089938 700__ $$aGudnason, V. 000089938 700__ $$aKhang, Y.H. 000089938 700__ $$aLaatikainen, T. 000089938 700__ $$aMann, J.I. 000089938 700__ $$aMarques-Vidal, P. 000089938 700__ $$aMensah, G.A. 000089938 700__ $$aMuller-Nurasyid, M. 000089938 700__ $$aNinomiya, T. 000089938 700__ $$aPetkeviciene, J. 000089938 700__ $$aRodriguez-Artalejo, F. 000089938 700__ $$aServais, J. 000089938 700__ $$aSoderberg, S. 000089938 700__ $$aStavreski, B. 000089938 700__ $$aWilsgaard, T. 000089938 700__ $$aZdrojewski, T. 000089938 700__ $$aZhao, D. 000089938 700__ $$aStevens, G.A. 000089938 700__ $$aSavin, S. 000089938 700__ $$aCowan, M.J. 000089938 700__ $$aRiley, L.M. 000089938 700__ $$aEzzati, M. 000089938 700__ $$aAdams, R.J. 000089938 700__ $$aAhrens, W. 000089938 700__ $$aAmouyel, P. 000089938 700__ $$aAmuzu, A. 000089938 700__ $$aAnderssen, S.A. 000089938 700__ $$aAriansen, I. 000089938 700__ $$aArveiler, D. 000089938 700__ $$aAspelund, T. 000089938 700__ $$aAuvinen, J. 000089938 700__ $$aAvdicova, M. 000089938 700__ $$aBanach, M. 000089938 700__ $$aBandosz, P. 000089938 700__ $$aBanegas, J.R. 000089938 700__ $$aBarbagallo, C.M. 000089938 700__ $$aBata, I. 000089938 700__ $$aBaur, L.A. 000089938 700__ $$aBeaglehole, R. 000089938 700__ $$aBernotiene, G. 000089938 700__ $$aBi, Y.F. 000089938 700__ $$aBienek, A. 000089938 700__ $$aBjorkelund, C. 000089938 700__ $$aBo, S. 000089938 700__ $$aBoehm, B.O. 000089938 700__ $$aBonaccio, M. 000089938 700__ $$aBongard, V. 000089938 700__ $$aBorchini, R. 000089938 700__ $$aBorghs, H. 000089938 700__ $$aBreckenkamp, J. 000089938 700__ $$aBrenner, H. 000089938 700__ $$aBruno, G. 000089938 700__ $$aBusch, M.A. 000089938 700__ $$ade Leon, A.C. 000089938 700__ $$aCapuano, V. 000089938 700__ $$aCasanueva, F.F. 000089938 700__ $$aCasas, J.P. 000089938 700__ $$aCaserta, C.A. 000089938 700__ $$aCensi, L. 000089938 700__ $$aChen, F.F. 000089938 700__ $$aChen, S.H. 000089938 700__ $$aChirlaque, M.D. 000089938 700__ $$aCho, B.L. 000089938 700__ $$aCho, Y.M. 000089938 700__ $$aChudek, J. 000089938 700__ $$aClaessens, F. 000089938 700__ $$aClarke, J. 000089938 700__ $$aClays, E. 000089938 700__ $$aCooper, C. 000089938 700__ $$aCostanzo, S. 000089938 700__ $$aCottel, D. 000089938 700__ $$aCowell, C. 000089938 700__ $$aCrujeiras, A.B. 000089938 700__ $$aCui, L.F. 000089938 700__ $$aD''Arrigo, G. 000089938 700__ $$aDauchet, L. 000089938 700__ $$aDe Backer, G. 000089938 700__ $$aDe Bacquer, D. 000089938 700__ $$ade Gaetano, G. 000089938 700__ $$aDe Henauw, S. 000089938 700__ $$aDe Smedt, D. 000089938 700__ $$aDennison, E. 000089938 700__ $$aDeschamps, V. 000089938 700__ $$aDi Castelnuovo, A. 000089938 700__ $$aDobson, A.J. 000089938 700__ $$aDonfrancesco, C. 000089938 700__ $$aDoring, A. 000089938 700__ $$aDrygas, W. 000089938 700__ $$aDu, Y. 000089938 700__ $$aDziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. 000089938 700__ $$aEggertsen, R. 000089938 700__ $$aEkelund, U. 000089938 700__ $$aElosua, R. 000089938 700__ $$aEriksson, J.G. 000089938 700__ $$aEvans, A. 000089938 700__ $$aFaeh, D. 000089938 700__ $$aFelix-Redondo, F.J. 000089938 700__ $$aFernandez-Berges, D. 000089938 700__ $$aFerrari, M. 000089938 700__ $$aFerrieres, J. 000089938 700__ $$aFinn, J.D. 000089938 700__ $$aForslund, A.S. 000089938 700__ $$aForsner, M. 000089938 700__ $$aFrontera, G. 000089938 700__ $$aFujita, Y. 000089938 700__ $$aGaciong, Z. 000089938 700__ $$aGalvano, F. 000089938 700__ $$aGao, J.L. 000089938 700__ $$aGarcia-de-la-Hera, M. 000089938 700__ $$aGarnett, S.P. 000089938 700__ $$aGaspoz, J.M. 000089938 700__ $$aGasull, M. 000089938 700__ $$aGates, L. 000089938 700__ $$aGianfagna, F. 000089938 700__ $$aGill, T.K. 000089938 700__ $$aGiovannelli, J. 000089938 700__ $$aGiwercman, A. 000089938 700__ $$aGoltzman, D. 000089938 700__ $$aGross, M.G. 000089938 700__ $$aGottrand, F. 000089938 700__ $$aGraff-Iversen, S. 000089938 700__ $$aGrafnetter, D. 000089938 700__ $$aGregor, R.D. 000089938 700__ $$aGrodzicki, T. 000089938 700__ $$aGrosso, G. 000089938 700__ $$aGruden, G. 000089938 700__ $$aGu, D.F. 000089938 700__ $$aGuallar-Castillon, P. 000089938 700__ $$aGudmundsson, E.F. 000089938 700__ $$aGuessous, I. 000089938 700__ $$aGunnlaugsdottir, J. 000089938 700__ $$aGutzwiller, F. 000089938 700__ $$aHardy, R. 000089938 700__ $$aHata, J. 000089938 700__ $$aHaugsgjerd, T. 000089938 700__ $$aHayes, A.J. 000089938 700__ $$aHe, J. 000089938 700__ $$aHe, Y.N. 000089938 700__ $$aHerrala, S. 000089938 700__ $$aHihtaniemi, I.T. 000089938 700__ $$aHobbs, M. 000089938 700__ $$aHopman, W.M. 000089938 700__ $$aHuerta, J.M. 000089938 700__ $$aHuybrechts, I. 000089938 700__ $$aIacoviello, L. 000089938 700__ $$aIannone, A.G. 000089938 700__ $$aIkeda, N. 000089938 700__ $$aIwasaki, M. 000089938 700__ $$aJamrozik, K. 000089938 700__ $$aJanszky, I. 000089938 700__ $$aJarvelin, M.R. 000089938 700__ $$aJasienska, G. 000089938 700__ $$aJennings, G. 000089938 700__ $$aJeong, S.L. 000089938 700__ $$aJiang, C.Q. 000089938 700__ $$aJoffres, M. 000089938 700__ $$aJokelainen, J.J. 000089938 700__ $$aJonas, J.B. 000089938 700__ $$aJozwiak, J. 000089938 700__ $$aKajantie, E.O. 000089938 700__ $$aKauhanen, J. 000089938 700__ $$aKeil, U. 000089938 700__ $$aKeinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. 000089938 700__ $$aKersting, M. 000089938 700__ $$aKiechl-Kohlendorfer, U. 000089938 700__ $$aKiechl, S. 000089938 700__ $$aKim, J. 000089938 700__ $$aKim, Y.Y. 000089938 700__ $$aKlumbiene, J. 000089938 700__ $$aKnoflach, M. 000089938 700__ $$aKo, S. 000089938 700__ $$aKolle, E. 000089938 700__ $$aKorpelainen, R. 000089938 700__ $$aKoskinen, S. 000089938 700__ $$aKouda, K. 000089938 700__ $$aKratzer, W. 000089938 700__ $$aKriemler, S. 000089938 700__ $$aKrokstad, S. 000089938 700__ $$aKujala, U.M. 000089938 700__ $$aKurjata, P. 000089938 700__ $$aLam, T.H. 000089938 700__ $$aLanska, V. 000089938 700__ $$aLappas, G. 000089938 700__ $$aLaugsand, L.E. 000089938 700__ $$aLee, J. 000089938 700__ $$aLehtimaki, T. 000089938 700__ $$aLi, Y.P. 000089938 700__ $$aLilly, C.L. 000089938 700__ $$aLin, X. 000089938 700__ $$aLind, L. 000089938 700__ $$aLissner, L. 000089938 700__ $$aLiu, J. 000089938 700__ $$aLopez-Garcia, E. 000089938 700__ $$aLorbeer, R. 000089938 700__ $$aLozano, J.E. 000089938 700__ $$aLuksiene, D. 000089938 700__ $$aLundqvist, A. 000089938 700__ $$aLundqvist, R. 000089938 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-0454-653X$$aMoreno, L.A.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000089938 7102_ $$11006$$2255$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería$$cÁrea Enfermería 000089938 773__ $$g49, 1 (2020), 173-192$$pInt. j. epidemiol.$$tINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY$$x0300-5771 000089938 8564_ $$s577282$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/89938/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000089938 8564_ $$s48224$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/89938/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000089938 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:89938$$particulos$$pdriver 000089938 951__ $$a2021-09-02-09:47:12 000089938 980__ $$aARTICLE