000095335 001__ 95335 000095335 005__ 20230622083316.0 000095335 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3389/fenrg.2020.00151 000095335 0248_ $$2sideral$$a118981 000095335 037__ $$aART-2020-118981 000095335 041__ $$aeng 000095335 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-9174-9820$$aBailera, Manuel$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000095335 245__ $$aImproved Flexibility and Economics of Combined Cycles by Power to Gas 000095335 260__ $$c2020 000095335 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000095335 5203_ $$aMassive penetration of renewable energy in the energy systems is required to comply with existing CO2 regulations. Considering current power pools, large shares of renewable energy sources imply strong efficiency and economic penalties in fossil fuel power plants as they are mainly operated to regulate the system and constant shutdowns are expected. Under this framework, the integration of a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) with an energy storage technology such as power to gas (PtG) is proposed to virtually reduce its minimum complaint load through the diversion of instantaneous excess electricity. Power to gas produces hydrogen through water electrolysis, which is later combined with CO2 to produce methane. The main novelty of this study relies in the improved flexibility and economics of combined cycles by means of using power to gas as a tool to reduce the minimum complaint load. The principal objective of the study is the quantification of cost reduction under different scenarios of shutdowns and conventional start-ups. The case study analyses a combined cycle of 400 MWe gross power with a minimum complaint load of 30% that can be virtually reduced to 20% by means of a 40- MWe power-to-gas plant. Eight scenarios are defined to compare the reference case of conventional operation under hot, warm, and cold start-ups with power-to-gas-assisted operation. Additionally, PtG-assisted operation scenarios are analyzed with different loads (30–50–70%). These scenarios also include the consideration of a temporary peak of demand occurring in a period in which dispatch is below the minimum complaint load. Under this situation, the response time of conventional plants is very limited, while PtG-assisted CCPP can rapidly satisfy the peak. The techno-economic model quantifies the required fuel, gross and net power, and emissions as well as total costs and incomes under each scenario and net differential profit in an hourly basis. The analysis of the obtained results does not recommend the operation of the PtG-assisted CCPP at minimum complaint load for hot, warm, or cold start-ups. However, important marginal profits are achieved with the proposed system for part-loads operation over 50% for every sort of start-up, avoiding shutdowns and extending the capacity factor. 000095335 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA-FEDER/Construyendo Europa desde Aragón$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/LMP134-18$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/T46-17R$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO-FEDER/ENE2016-76850-R 000095335 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000095335 590__ $$a4.008$$b2020 000095335 591__ $$aENERGY & FUELS$$b56 / 114 = 0.491$$c2020$$dQ2$$eT2 000095335 592__ $$a0.733$$b2020 000095335 593__ $$aEconomics and Econometrics$$c2020$$dQ2 000095335 593__ $$aRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment$$c2020$$dQ2 000095335 593__ $$aFuel Technology$$c2020$$dQ2 000095335 593__ $$aEnergy Engineering and Power Technology$$c2020$$dQ2 000095335 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000095335 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-9967-5806$$aPeña, Begoña$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000095335 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-2306-6729$$aLisbona, Pilar 000095335 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-7379-6159$$aRomeo, Luis M.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000095335 7102_ $$15004$$2590$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Mecánica$$cÁrea Máquinas y Motores Térmi. 000095335 773__ $$g8, 151 (2020), [13 pp]$$tFrontiers in Energy Research$$x2296-598X 000095335 8564_ $$s1426632$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/95335/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000095335 8564_ $$s478800$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/95335/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000095335 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:95335$$particulos$$pdriver 000095335 951__ $$a2023-06-21-15:02:08 000095335 980__ $$aARTICLE