95767 20250319143307.0 doi 10.3390/ph13090239 sideral 120204 ART-2020-120204 eng Berdejo, D. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-5053-8309 Incubation with a complex orange essential oil leads to evolved mutants with increased resistance and tolerance 2020 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Emergence of strains with increased resistance/tolerance to natural antimicrobials was evidenced after cyclic exposure to carvacrol, citral, and (+)-limonene oxide. However, no previous studies have reported the development of resistance and tolerance to complex essential oils (EOs). This study seeks to evaluate the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant and tolerant to a complex orange essential oil (OEO) after prolonged cyclic treatments at low concentrations. Phenotypic characterization of evolved strains revealed an increase of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration for OEO, a better growth fitness in presence of OEO, and an enhanced survival to lethal treatments, compared to wild-type strain. However, no significant differences (p > 0.05) in cross-resistance to antibiotics were observed. Mutations in hepT and accA in evolved strains highlight the important role of oxidative stress in the cell response to OEO, as well as the relevance of the cell membrane in the cell response to these natural antimicrobials. This study demonstrates the emergence of S. aureus strains that are resistant and tolerant to EO (Citrus sinensis). This phenomenon should be taken into account to assure the efficacy of natural antimicrobials in the design of food preservation strategies, in cleaning and disinfection protocols, and in clinical applications against resistant bacteria. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI-ESF-DGA/PGC2018-093789-B-I00 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 5.863 2020 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY 38 / 275 = 0.138 2020 Q1 T1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL 9 / 62 = 0.145 2020 Q1 T1 1.294 2020 Drug Discovery 2020 Q1 Pharmaceutical Science 2020 Q1 Molecular Medicine 2020 Q1 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Pagán, E. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-3752-4660 Merino, N. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-4774-0973 Pagán, R. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-0238-6328 García-Gonzalo, D. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-7629-8101 2008 780 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Produc.Animal Cienc.Ali. Área Tecnología de Alimentos 13, 9 (2020), 239 [1-17] Pharmaceuticals Pharmaceuticals 1424-8247 598687 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/95767/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 514440 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/95767/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:95767 articulos driver 2025-03-19-14:32:11 ARTICLE