95911 20210902121652.0 doi 10.1038/s41598-020-59068-2 sideral 116902 ART-2020-116902 eng Kergunteuil, A. Tritrophic interactions follow phylogenetic escalation and climatic adaptation 2020 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted One major goal in plant evolutionary ecology is to address how and why tritrophic interactions mediated by phytochemical plant defences vary across species, space, and time. In this study, we tested three classical hypotheses about plant defences: (i) the resource-availability hypothesis, (ii) the altitudinal/elevational gradient hypothesis and (iii) the defence escalation hypothesis. For this purpose, predatory soil nematodes were challenged to hunt for root herbivores based on volatile cues from damaged or intact roots of 18 Alpine Festuca grass species adapted to distinct climatic niches spanning 2000 meters of elevation. We found that adaptation into harsh, nutrient-limited alpine environments coincided with the production of specific blends of volatiles, highly attractive for nematodes. We also found that recently-diverged taxa exposed to herbivores released higher amounts of volatiles than ancestrally-diverged species. Therefore, our model provides evidence that belowground indirect plant defences associated with tritrophic interactions have evolved under two classical hypotheses in plant ecology. While phylogenetic drivers of volatile emissions point to the defence-escalation hypothesis, plant local adaptation of indirect defences is in line with the resource availability hypothesis. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA-FSE/A01-17 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/CGL2012-39953-C02-01 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/UZ/UZ-SANTANDER info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 4.379 2020 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES 17 / 73 = 0.233 2020 Q1 T1 1.24 2020 Multidisciplinary 2020 Q1 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Humair, L. Maire, A.L. Moreno-Aguilar, M. Godschalx, A. Catalán, P. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-7793-5259 Rasmann, S. 5011 063 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. CC.Agrar.y Medio Natural Área Botánica 10, 1 (2020), 2074 [10 pp] Sci. rep. Scientific Reports 2045-2322 1500716 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/95911/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 239183 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/95911/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:95911 articulos driver 2021-09-02-09:07:54 ARTICLE