000096157 001__ 96157 000096157 005__ 20210902121849.0 000096157 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/ijerph17197312 000096157 0248_ $$2sideral$$a120720 000096157 037__ $$aART-2020-120720 000096157 041__ $$aeng 000096157 100__ $$aDe Craemer, M. 000096157 245__ $$aCombining effect and process evaluation on european preschool children’s snacking behavior in a kindergarten-based, family-involved cluster randomized controlled trial: The toybox study 000096157 260__ $$c2020 000096157 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000096157 5203_ $$aThis study aimed at (1) studying the effect of the standardized ToyBox intervention on European preschoolers’ snacking behavior, and (2) studying whether a higher process evaluation score from teachers and parents/caregivers was associated with a more positive result for preschoolers’ snack intake. A sample of 4970 preschoolers (51.4% boys, 4.74 ± 0.44 years) from six European countries provided information on snack intake with the use of a Food Frequency Questionnaire. To investigate the effect of the intervention, multilevel repeated measures analyses were executed for the total sample and the six country-specific samples. Furthermore, questionnaires to measure process evaluation were used to compute a total process evaluation score for teachers and parents/caregivers. No significant intervention effects on preschoolers’ snack intake were found (all p > 0.003). In general, no different effects of the intervention on snack intake were found according to kindergarten teachers’ and parents’/caregivers’ process evaluation scores. The lack of effects could be due to limited intervention duration and dose. To induce larger effects on preschoolers’ snack intake, a less standardized intervention which is more tailored to the local needs might be needed. 000096157 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/245200/EU/Multifactorial evidence based approach using behavioural models in understanding and promoting fun, healthy food, play and policy for the prevention of obesity in early childhood: ToyBox/TOYBOX 000096157 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000096157 590__ $$a3.39$$b2020 000096157 591__ $$aPUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH$$b41 / 176 = 0.233$$c2020$$dQ1$$eT1 000096157 591__ $$aENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES$$b118 / 273 = 0.432$$c2020$$dQ2$$eT2 000096157 591__ $$aPUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH$$b68 / 203 = 0.335$$c2020$$dQ2$$eT2 000096157 592__ $$a0.747$$b2020 000096157 593__ $$aHealth, Toxicology and Mutagenesis$$c2020$$dQ2 000096157 593__ $$aPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health$$c2020$$dQ2 000096157 593__ $$aPollution$$c2020$$dQ2 000096157 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000096157 700__ $$aVerbestel, V. 000096157 700__ $$aVerloigne, M. 000096157 700__ $$aAndroutsos, O. 000096157 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-0454-653X$$aMoreno, L.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000096157 700__ $$aIotova, V. 000096157 700__ $$aKoletzko, B. 000096157 700__ $$aSocha, P. 000096157 700__ $$aManios, Y. 000096157 700__ $$aCardon, G. 000096157 7102_ $$11006$$2255$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería$$cÁrea Enfermería 000096157 773__ $$g17, 19 (2020), 7312 [20 pp]$$pInt. j. environ. res. public health$$tInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health$$x1661-7827 000096157 8564_ $$s478101$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/96157/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000096157 8564_ $$s468450$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/96157/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000096157 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:96157$$particulos$$pdriver 000096157 951__ $$a2021-09-02-10:28:59 000096157 980__ $$aARTICLE