doi:10.3390/ijerph18010298engBurgueño, R.Abós, Á.García-González, L.Tilga, H.Sevil-Serrano, J.Evaluating the psychometric properties of a scale to measure perceived external and internal faces of controlling teaching among students in physical educationART-2021-122310There are no validated instruments to date that have examined the students’ perceptions of externally and internally controlling teaching practices in physical education (PE). Grounded in self-determination theory, the objective of this research was to provide validity and reliability evidence of the Controlling Teaching Scale for Physical Education (CTS-PE) to assess the external and internal faces of controlling teaching in PE through two sequential studies. In Study 1 (n = 241 students), an exploratory factor analysis revealed an eight-item two-factor solution (four items per factor). In Study 2 (n = 968 students), a confirmatory factor analysis supported the eight-item two-factor correlated model (i.e., externally and internally controlling teaching) that was invariant across gender. Reliability coefficients indicated an acceptable level of reliability for the two factors of the CTS-PE. A structural equation modelling showed that externally and internally controlling teaching behaviours positively predicted need frustration, and negatively need satisfaction. The current study gathered evidence to consider the CTS-PE as a valid and reliable instrument to assess students’ perceptions of PE teachers’ externally and internally controlling teaching behaviours. The CTS-PE provides PE teachers with deeper insights into the negative psychological experiences associated with externally and internally controlling teaching behaviours in PE.2021http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/9905910.3390/ijerph18010298http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/99059oai:zaguan.unizar.es:99059info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/EDU2013-42048-RInternational journal of environmental research and public health 18, 1 (2021), 298 [15 pp]byhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess