000099173 001__ 99173
000099173 005__ 20240410085607.0
000099173 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/antibiotics10010003
000099173 0248_ $$2sideral$$a122671
000099173 037__ $$aART-2021-122671
000099173 041__ $$aeng
000099173 100__ $$aUruén, C.
000099173 245__ $$aBiofilms as promoters of bacterial antibiotic resistance and tolerance
000099173 260__ $$c2021
000099173 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000099173 5203_ $$aMultidrug resistant bacteria are a global threat for human and animal health. However, they are only part of the problem of antibiotic failure. Another bacterial strategy that contributes to their capacity to withstand antimicrobials is the formation of biofilms. Biofilms are associations of microorganisms embedded a self-produced extracellular matrix. They create particular environments that confer bacterial tolerance and resistance to antibiotics by different mechanisms that depend upon factors such as biofilm composition, architecture, the stage of biofilm development, and growth condi-tions. The biofilm structure hinders the penetration of antibiotics and may prevent the accumulation of bactericidal concentrations throughout the entire biofilm. In addition, gradients of dispersion of nutrients and oxygen within the biofilm generate different metabolic states of individual cells and favor the development of antibiotic tolerance and bacterial persistence. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance may develop within biofilms through a variety of mechanisms. The expression of efflux pumps may be induced in various parts of the biofilm and the mutation frequency is induced, while the presence of extracellular DNA and the close contact between cells favor horizontal gene transfer. A deep understanding of the mechanisms by which biofilms cause tolerance/resistance to antibiotics helps to develop novel strategies to fight these infections.
000099173 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
000099173 590__ $$a5.222$$b2021
000099173 592__ $$a0.785$$b2021
000099173 594__ $$a3.9$$b2021
000099173 591__ $$aPHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY$$b68 / 279 = 0.244$$c2021$$dQ1$$eT1
000099173 593__ $$aBiochemistry$$c2021$$dQ1
000099173 591__ $$aINFECTIOUS DISEASES$$b39 / 95 = 0.411$$c2021$$dQ2$$eT2
000099173 593__ $$aMicrobiology$$c2021$$dQ1
000099173 593__ $$aPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous)$$c2021$$dQ1
000099173 593__ $$aPharmacology (medical)$$c2021$$dQ1
000099173 593__ $$aMicrobiology (medical)$$c2021$$dQ1
000099173 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/review$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000099173 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-4258-3462$$aChopo-Escuin, G.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000099173 700__ $$aTommassen, J.
000099173 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-5442-7702$$aMainar-Jaime, R.C.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000099173 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-8134-0693$$aArenas, J.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000099173 7102_ $$11009$$2773$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Patología Animal$$cÁrea Sanidad Animal
000099173 7102_ $$11002$$2807$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Bioq.Biolog.Mol. Celular$$cÁrea Toxicología
000099173 773__ $$g10, 1 (2021), 3 [36 pp]$$pAntibiotics$$tAntibiotics$$x2079-6382
000099173 8564_ $$s745920$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/99173/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000099173 8564_ $$s2702895$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/99173/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000099173 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:99173$$particulos$$pdriver
000099173 951__ $$a2024-04-10-08:43:27
000099173 980__ $$aARTICLE