000109333 001__ 109333 000109333 005__ 20230519145401.0 000109333 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108967 000109333 0248_ $$2sideral$$a121837 000109333 037__ $$aART-2021-121837 000109333 041__ $$aeng 000109333 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-4213-2904$$aSevilla, E. 000109333 245__ $$aResistance to colistin and production of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases and/or AmpC enzymes in Salmonella isolates collected from healthy pigs in Northwest Spain in two periods: 2008-2009 and 2018 000109333 260__ $$c2021 000109333 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000109333 5203_ $$aSalmonellosis is a common subclinical infection in pigs and therefore apparently healthy animals may represent a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella for humans. This study estimates and characterizes resistance to two classes of antimicrobials considered of the highest priority within the critically important antimicrobials for humans, i.e. colistin (CR) and 3rd generation cephalosporins (3GC), on a collection of Salmonella isolates from pigs from two periods: between 2008 and 09, when colistin was massively used; and in 2018, after three years under a National Plan against Antibiotic Resistance. Prevalence of CR was low (6 out of 625; 0.96%; 95%CI: 0.44–2.1) in 2008–09 and associated mostly to the mcr-1 gene, which was detected in four S. 4,5,12:i:- isolates. Polymorphisms in the pmrAB genes were detected in a S. 9,12:-:- isolate. No CR was detected in 2018 out of 59 isolates tested. Among 270 Salmonella isolates considered for the assessment of resistance to 3GC in the 2008–2009 sampling, only one Salmonella Bredeney (0.37%; 95%CI: 0.07–2.1) showed resistance to 3GC, which was associated with the blaCMY-2 gene (AmpC producer). In 2018, six isolates out of 59 (10.2%; 95%CI: 4.7–20.5) showed resistance to 3GC, but only two different strains were identified (S. 4,12:i:- and S. Rissen), both confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producers. The blaCTX-M-3 and blaTEM-1b genes in S. 4,12:i:- and the blaTEM-1b gene in S. Rissen seemed to be associated with this resistance. Overall, the prevalence of CR in Salmonella appeared to be very low in 2008–2009 despite the considerable use of colistin in pigs at that time, and seemed to remain so in 2018. Resistance to 3GC was even lower in 2008–2009 but somewhat higher in 2018. Resistance was mostly coded by genes associated with mobile genetic elements. Most serotypes involved in these antimicrobial resistances displayed a multidrug resistance pattern and were considered zoonotic. 000109333 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/A13-17R$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/INIA/RTA2012-24$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/INIA/RTA2015-75-C04-02 000109333 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nc-nd$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ 000109333 590__ $$a5.911$$b2021 000109333 592__ $$a0.997$$b2021 000109333 594__ $$a9.4$$b2021 000109333 591__ $$aFOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY$$b31 / 144 = 0.215$$c2021$$dQ1$$eT1 000109333 593__ $$aFood Science$$c2021$$dQ1 000109333 591__ $$aMICROBIOLOGY$$b36 / 138 = 0.261$$c2021$$dQ2$$eT1 000109333 593__ $$aMicrobiology$$c2021$$dQ1 000109333 593__ $$aMedicine (miscellaneous)$$c2021$$dQ1 000109333 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion 000109333 700__ $$aVico, J.P. 000109333 700__ $$aDelgado-Blas, J.F. 000109333 700__ $$aGonzález-Zorn, B. 000109333 700__ $$aMarín, C.M. 000109333 700__ $$aUruén, C. 000109333 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-6016-4726$$aMartín-Burriel, I.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000109333 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-2746-3932$$aBolea, R.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000109333 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-5442-7702$$aMainar-Jaime, R.C.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000109333 7102_ $$11001$$2420$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Anatom.,Embri.Genét.Ani.$$cÁrea Genética 000109333 7102_ $$11009$$2773$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Patología Animal$$cÁrea Sanidad Animal 000109333 773__ $$g338 (2021), 108967 [7 pp.]$$pInt. j. food microbiol.$$tINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY$$x0168-1605 000109333 8564_ $$s388301$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/109333/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yPostprint 000109333 8564_ $$s1096650$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/109333/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yPostprint 000109333 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:109333$$particulos$$pdriver 000109333 951__ $$a2023-05-18-13:39:52 000109333 980__ $$aARTICLE