000117636 001__ 117636 000117636 005__ 20240319081011.0 000117636 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/toxins14050291 000117636 0248_ $$2sideral$$a129073 000117636 037__ $$aART-2022-129073 000117636 041__ $$aeng 000117636 100__ $$aLlorens, Paula 000117636 245__ $$aBiomarkers of Exposure to Zearalenone in In Vivo and In Vitro Studies 000117636 260__ $$c2022 000117636 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000117636 5203_ $$aThe measurement of human exposure to mycotoxins is necessary for its association with adverse health effects. This exposure is usually estimated from contamination levels of foodstuffs, which are the primary source of toxin exposure, and data on food consumption patterns. However, variations in contamination level, intestinal absorption, toxin distribution, and excretion lead to individual variations in toxin exposure that can be more readily measured with a biomarker. This review deals with the latest literature information about ZEN biomarkers in humans, animals, and cell line cultures. Their presence in urine, biomarkers that have effects in the kidney, liver, reproductive system and blood and biomarkers of cell response have been reported. It has highlighted the importance of determining a-zearalenol and ß-zearalenol biomarkers to estimate the probable dietary intake (PDI) of a specific population or to characterize the severity of exposure to ZEN in animals or cell lines. a-ZEL and ß-ZEL are cytotoxic by inhibiting cell proliferation, total protein and DNA syntheses, in this sense, an induction of expression proteins Hsp27 and Hsp70 was observed, and an increase in gene expression (TLR4, NF-kBp65, TNF-a, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, MGMT, a-GST, Hsp70, Nrf2, L-Fabp, HO-1, MAPK8), the determination of which indicates an oxidative stress effect. The integrity of the cell or tissue membrane is assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which increase at exposure of ZEN (84.2 µM), and the proportions of some fatty acids of the renal tissue membrane were increased at treatments with ZEN. This review allows starting future studies of animal and population exposure in parallel with those of health effects works. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. 000117636 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PID2019-PID2019-108070RB-I00ALI$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/A06-20R 000117636 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000117636 590__ $$a4.2$$b2022 000117636 592__ $$a0.87$$b2022 000117636 591__ $$aTOXICOLOGY$$b23 / 94 = 0.245$$c2022$$dQ1$$eT1 000117636 593__ $$aToxicology$$c2022$$dQ1 000117636 591__ $$aFOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY$$b45 / 142 = 0.317$$c2022$$dQ2$$eT1 000117636 593__ $$aHealth, Toxicology and Mutagenesis$$c2022$$dQ2 000117636 594__ $$a7.5$$b2022 000117636 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000117636 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-2469-0363$$aHerrera, Marta$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000117636 700__ $$aJuan-García, Ana 000117636 700__ $$aPayá, Juan José 000117636 700__ $$aMoltó, Juan Carlos 000117636 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-6325-7100$$aAriño, Agustín$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000117636 700__ $$aJuan, Cristina 000117636 7102_ $$12008$$2640$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Produc.Animal Cienc.Ali.$$cÁrea Nutrición Bromatología 000117636 773__ $$g14, 5 (2022), 291 [16 pp.]$$pToxins$$tToxins$$x2072-6651 000117636 8564_ $$s1000945$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/117636/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000117636 8564_ $$s2499422$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/117636/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000117636 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:117636$$particulos$$pdriver 000117636 951__ $$a2024-03-18-15:11:42 000117636 980__ $$aARTICLE