000119836 001__ 119836 000119836 005__ 20240319081009.0 000119836 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/s22155774 000119836 0248_ $$2sideral$$a130592 000119836 037__ $$aART-2022-130592 000119836 041__ $$aeng 000119836 100__ $$aCajal, Diego$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000119836 245__ $$aEffects of missing data on heart rate variability metrics 000119836 260__ $$c2022 000119836 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000119836 5203_ $$aHeart rate variability (HRV) has been studied for decades in clinical environments. Currently, the exponential growth of wearable devices in health monitoring is leading to new challenges that need to be solved. These devices have relatively poor signal quality and are affected by numerous motion artifacts, with data loss being the main stumbling block for their use in HRV analysis. In the present paper, it is shown how data loss affects HRV metrics in the time domain and frequency domain and Poincaré plots. A gap-filling method is proposed and compared to other existing approaches to alleviate these effects, both with simulated (16 subjects) and real (20 subjects) missing data. Two different data loss scenarios have been simulated: (i) scattered missing beats, related to a low signal to noise ratio; and (ii) bursts of missing beats, with the most common due to motion artifacts. In addition, a real database of photoplethysmography-derived pulse detection series provided by Apple Watch during a protocol including relax and stress stages is analyzed. The best correction method and maximum acceptable missing beats are given. Results suggest that correction without gap filling is the best option for the standard deviation of the normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and Poincaré plot metrics in datasets with bursts of missing beats predominance (p<0.05), whereas they benefit from gap-filling approaches in the case of scattered missing beats (p<0.05). Gap-filling approaches are also the best for frequency-domain metrics (p<0.05). The findings of this work are useful for the design of robust HRV applications depending on missing data tolerance and the desired HRV metrics. 000119836 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA-FSE/T39-20R-BSICoS group$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MCIU-AEI-FEDER/PID2021-126734OB-C21 000119836 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000119836 590__ $$a3.9$$b2022 000119836 592__ $$a0.764$$b2022 000119836 591__ $$aCHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL$$b26 / 86 = 0.302$$c2022$$dQ2$$eT1 000119836 593__ $$aInstrumentation$$c2022$$dQ1 000119836 591__ $$aINSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION$$b19 / 63 = 0.302$$c2022$$dQ2$$eT1 000119836 593__ $$aAnalytical Chemistry$$c2022$$dQ1 000119836 591__ $$aENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC$$b100 / 274 = 0.365$$c2022$$dQ2$$eT2 000119836 593__ $$aMedicine (miscellaneous)$$c2022$$dQ2 000119836 593__ $$aInformation Systems$$c2022$$dQ2 000119836 593__ $$aBiochemistry$$c2022$$dQ2 000119836 593__ $$aAtomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics$$c2022$$dQ2 000119836 593__ $$aElectrical and Electronic Engineering$$c2022$$dQ2 000119836 594__ $$a6.8$$b2022 000119836 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000119836 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-1462-4880$$aHernando, David 000119836 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-8742-0072$$aLázaro, Jesús$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000119836 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-3434-9254$$aLaguna, Pablo$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000119836 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-7285-0715$$aGil, Eduardo$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000119836 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-1272-0550$$aBailón, Raquel$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000119836 7102_ $$15007$$2520$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Informát.Ingenie.Sistms.$$cÁrea Ingen.Sistemas y Automát. 000119836 7102_ $$15008$$2800$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Electrón.Com.$$cÁrea Teoría Señal y Comunicac. 000119836 773__ $$g22, 15 (2022), 5774 [22 pp.]$$pSensors$$tSensors$$x1424-8220 000119836 8564_ $$s1502604$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/119836/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000119836 8564_ $$s2722372$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/119836/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000119836 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:119836$$particulos$$pdriver 000119836 951__ $$a2024-03-18-14:56:14 000119836 980__ $$aARTICLE