Global maps of soil temperature

Lembrechts JJ ; van den Hoogen J ; Aalto J ; Ashcroft MB ; De Frenne P ; Kemppinen J ; Kopecký M ; Luoto M ; Maclean IMD ; Crowther TW ; Bailey JJ ; Haesen S ; Klinges DH ; Niittynen P ; Scheffers BR ; Van Meerbeek K ; Aartsma P ; Abdalaze O ; Abedi M ; Aerts R ; Ahmadian N ; Ahrends A ; Alatalo JM ; Alexander JM ; Nina Allonsius C ; Altman J ; Ammann C ; Andres C ; Andrews C ; Ardö J ; Arriga N ; Arzac A ; Aschero V ; Assis RL ; Johann Assmann J ; Bader MY ; Bahalkeh K ; Barancok P ; Barrio IC ; Barros A ; Barthel M ; Basham EW ; Bauters M ; Bazzichetto M ; Belelli Marchesini L ; Bell MC ; Benavides JC ; Luis Benito Alonso J ; Berauer BJ ; Bjerke JW ; Björk RG ; Björkman MP ; Björnsdóttir K ; Blonder B ; Boeckx P ; Boike J ; Bokhorst S ; Brum BNS ; Bruna J ; Buchmann N ; Buysse P ; Luís Camargo J ; Campoe OC ; Candan O ; Canessa R ; Cannone N ; Carbognani M ; Carnicer J ; Casanova-Katny A ; Cesarz S ; Chojnicki B ; Choler P ; Chown SL ; Cifuentes EF ; Ciliak M ; Contador T ; Convey P ; Cooper EJ ; Cremonese E ; Curasi SR ; Curtis R ; Cutini M ; Johan Dahlberg C ; Daskalova GN ; Angel de Pablo M ; Della Chiesa S ; Dengler J ; Deronde B ; Descombes P ; Di Cecco V ; Di Musciano M ; Dick J ; Dimarco RD ; Dolezal J ; Dorrepaal E ; Dušek J ; Eisenhauer N ; Eklundh L ; Erickson TE ; Erschbamer B ; Eugster W ; Ewers RM ; Exton DA ; Fanin N ; Fazlioglu F ; Feigenwinter I ; Fenu G ; Ferlian O ; Rosa Fernández Calzado M ; Fernández-Pascual E ; Finckh M ; Finger Higgens R ; Forte TGW ; Freeman EC ; Frei ER ; Fuentes-Lillo E ; García RA ; García MB ; Géron C ; Gharun M ; Ghosn D ; Gigauri K ; Gobin A ; Goded I ; Goeckede M ; Gottschall F ; Goulding K ; Govaert S ; Jessen Graae B ; Greenwood S ; Greiser C ; Grelle A ; Guénard B ; Guglielmin M ; Guillemot J ; Haase P ; Haider S ; Halbritter AH ; Hamid M ; Hammerle A ; Hampe A ; Haugum SV ; Hederová L ; Heinesch B ; Helfter C ; Hepenstrick D ; Herberich M ; Herbst M ; Hermanutz L ; Hik DS ; Hoffrén R (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Homeier J ; Hörtnagl L ; Høye TT ; Hrbacek F ; Hylander K ; Iwata H ; Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski M ; Jactel H ; Järveoja J ; Jastrzebowski S ; Jentsch A ; Jiménez JJ ; Jónsdóttir IS ; Jucker T ; Jump AS ; Juszczak R ; Kanka R ; Kašpar V ; Kazakis G ; Kelly J ; Khuroo AA ; Klemedtsson L ; Klisz M ; Kljun N ; Knohl A ; Kobler J ; Kollár J ; Kotowska MM ; Kovács B ; Kreyling J ; Lamprecht A ; Lang SI ; Larson C ; Larson K ; Laska K ; le Maire G ; Leihy RI ; Lens L ; Liljebladh B ; Lohila A ; Lorite J ; Loubet B ; Lynn J ; Macek M ; Mackenzie R ; Magliulo E ; Maier R ; Malfasi F ; Máliš F ; Man M ; Manca G ; Manco A ; Manise T ; Manolaki P ; Marciniak F ; Matula R ; Clara Mazzolari A ; Medinets S ; Medinets V ; Meeussen C ; Merinero S ; de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita R ; Meusburger K ; Meysman FJR ; Michaletz ST ; Milbau A ; Moiseev D ; Moiseev P ; Mondoni A ; Monfries R ; Montagnani L ; Moriana-Armendariz M ; Morra di Cella U ; Mörsdorf M ; Mosedale JR ; Muffler L ; Muñoz-Rojas M ; Myers JA ; Myers-Smith IH ; Nagy L ; Nardino M ; Naujokaitis-Lewis I ; Newling E ; Nicklas L ; Niedrist G ; Niessner A ; Nilsson MB ; Normand S ; Nosetto MD ; Nouvellon Y ; Nuñez MA ; Ogaya R ; Ogée J ; Okello J ; Olejnik J ; Eivind Olesen J ; Opedal Ø ; Orsenigo S ; Palaj A ; Pampuch

Resumen: Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.

Idioma: Inglés

DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16060

Año: 2022

Publicado en: Global Change Biology 28, 9 (2022), 3110–3144
ISSN: 1354-1013

Factor impacto JCR: 11.6 (2022)

Categ. JCR: ECOLOGY rank: 4 / 171 = 0.023 (2022) - Q1 - T1
Categ. JCR: BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION rank: 1 / 65 = 0.015 (2022) - Q1 - T1
Categ. JCR: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES rank: 18 / 275 = 0.065 (2022) - Q1 - T1

Factor impacto CITESCORE: 19.5 - Environmental Science (Q1)

Factor impacto SCIMAGO: 4.069 - Ecology (Q1) - Global and Planetary Change (Q1) - Environmental Science (miscellaneous) (Q1) - Environmental Chemistry (Q1)

Tipo y forma: Artículo (Versión definitiva)

Área (Departamento): Área Análisis Geográfico Regi. (Dpto. Geograf. Ordenac.Territ.)