Energy-restricted, high-protein diets more effectively impact cardiometabolic profile in overweight and obese women than lower-protein diets

Mateo-Gallego, R. (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Marco-Benedí, V. ; Pérez-Calahorra, S. ; Bea, A. M. ; Baila-Rueda, L. ; Lamiquiz-Moneo, I. ; de Castro-Orós, I. ; Cenarro, A. ; Civeira, F. (Universidad de Zaragoza)

Resumen: Background & aims High-protein energy-restricted diets have demonstrated efficacy in promoting weight loss in overweight and obesity. However, the protein percentage that achieves optimal efficacy and acceptability remains unknown. We sought to assess the effects of three energy-reduced diets with different percentages of calories from protein (20%, 27%, and 35%) on weight loss and lipids. Secondary outcomes included diet acceptability and compliance. Methods Six-month, randomized study included women aged 18–80 years with BMI of 27.5–45 kg/m2 and who were not taking lipid-lowering drugs. We randomly assigned 91 women to one of three calorie-reduced diets with: protein, 20%, 27%, or 35% (80% from animal protein); carbohydrates, 50%, 43%, or 35%; fat, 30%. Dietary intervention involved individual visits with a nutritionist every 2 weeks during the first 3 months. We performed a follow-up visit at 6 months. Results Eighty women aged 44.0 ± 9.08 years with BMI of 37.7 ± 3.39 kg/m2 completed the study. At 3 months, weight loss was -8.16 ± 4.18 kg, -9.66 ± 5.28 kg, and -10.7 ± 4.28 kg in the 20%, 27%, and 35%-protein groups, respectively (P = 0.16). These figures slightly and homogeneously increased at 6 months. Around 65% of women following 35%-protein diet lost =10% of body weight vs. ~33% in 20%-protein group (P = 0.023). Significant decreases occurred in fat mass, lipids and insulin resistance, especially in the 35%-protein group (P < 0.05 vs. 20% protein). This improvement was not fully explained by weight loss. Triglyceride change was negatively correlated with animal-protein intake. All groups provided similar responses to an acceptance, palatability, and satisfaction questionnaire. Conclusions An energy-restricted diet with 35% protein, mostly of animal origin, more effectively impacts cardiometabolic profile than an energy-restricted diet with lower protein content although no clear benefit between diets in terms of overall weight loss was observed. The high-protein diet displayed an excellent safety profile and acceptability. This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02160496. Clinical trial registration The clinical trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02160496).

Idioma: Inglés

DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.01.018

Año: 2017

Publicado en: Clinical Nutrition 36, 2 (2017), 371-379
ISSN: 0261-5614

Factor impacto JCR: 5.496 (2017)

Categ. JCR: NUTRITION & DIETETICS rank: 8 / 79 = 0.101 (2017) - Q1 - T1

Factor impacto SCIMAGO: 1.905 - Nutrition and Dietetics (Q1) - Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine (Q1)

Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/FIS/PI12-01087
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/FIS/RETIC-RD12-0042-0055

Tipo y forma: Article (PostPrint)

Área (Departamento): Area Medicina (Dpto. Medicina, Psiqu. y Derm.)