Effect of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Interaction with Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity on Adiposity in European Children: The IDEFICS/I.Family Study

Seral-Cortes, Miguel (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Drouard, Gabin ; Masip, Guiomar (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Bogl, Leonie ; Tornaritis, Michael ; Foraita, Ronja ; Moreno, Luis A. (Universidad de Zaragoza)

Resumen: The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been associated with a better adiposity
profile in different cohorts of European children. However, these beneficial effects might be influenced
by genetic variations, which could potentially modulate the MD–adiposity association. Objectives:
To investigate if higher adherence to the MD, or any of the MD food groups, is associated with lower
adiposity during youth. Also, to observe the degree by which the adherence to the MD or any of the
MD food groups could modulate the genetic susceptibility to obesity, in relation to adiposity. Methods:
Design: Cohort study with three measurement surveys: baseline (T0), follow-up 1 (T1), and follow-up
2 (T3), between 2007 and 2014. Setting: The pan-European IDEFICS/I.Family cohort. Participants:
3098 children aged 2–16 years were genotyped. A total of 1907 participants at time measurement 3
(T3) were included, with complete information in all parameters of interest. Outcome measures: body
mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). A 7-item Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) to assess
the degree of MD adherence, and a genome-wide polygenic risk score (PRS) for BMI previously built
within the IDEFICS/I.Family consortium, from a previous GWAS to capture obesity risk. Statistical
analysis: In T3, multiple linear regressions to test MD–adiposity and MD-food-groups–adiposity
associations, adjusted by age, sex, parental education, genetic susceptibility to obesity, population
stratification, region of residence, screen sedentary time (SST), and physical activity. Then, the same
models were used to estimate gene x diet effects, based on the PRS x MD adherence. Results: No
associations were found between MDS and BMI or WC adiposity markers (p-value 0.26, B 0.10). In
terms of food groups, higher vegetable consumption was inversely associated to BMI (p-value < 0.01,
B −0.01) and WC (p-value 0.01, B −0.02), although no gene x vegetables interaction effects were
found (BMI p-value 0.43, B < 0.01; WC p-value 0.49, B 0.01). Age and SST were also significantly
associated to BMI (p-value 0.01, B −0.12; p-value < 0.01, B 0.02), and only SST to WC (p-value 0.03, B
0.05), respectively. Conclusions: Higher consumption of vegetables might be associated with lower
obesity, irrespective of their obesity genetic risk.

Idioma: Inglés

DOI: 10.3390/proceedings2023091297

Año: 2024

Publicado en: Proceedings (MDPI) 91 (2024), 2 pp.
ISSN: 2504-3900

Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EUR/FP6/FOOD-016181
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/266044/EU/Determinants of eating behaviour in European children, adolescents and their parents/I.FAMILY

Tipo y forma: Congress (Published version)

Área (Departamento): Área Enfermería (Dpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería)