Canales Ciudad, Daniel
Ruiz Carnicer, Miguel Ángel (dir.)
Universidad de Zaragoza,
2023
Resumen: Resumen: La presente tesis aborda los procesos de socialización, politización y transformación vividos por la juventud universitaria durante las décadas de los años cincuenta y sesenta, a tenor de su relevancia como agente central en la erosión de los fundamentos legitimadores, culturales y políticos de la dictadura. Para todo ello hemos dirigido nuestra atención hacia el Servicio Universitario del Trabajo (SUT), organismo de trabajo voluntario puesto en marcha en 1952 dentro de las estructuras del Sindicato Español Universitario (SEU), por cuyas actividades pasaron cerca de 13.000 estudiantes hasta su disolución oficial en 1969. Gracias a su amplitud temporal y a su dimensión cuantitativa, así como al impacto concienciador y disruptivo que generó la participación en sus campos de trabajo o sus campañas de alfabetización en no pocos jóvenes que pasaron al antifranquismo, este servicio se presenta como un campo de observación de perspectivas inmejorables para entender la complejidad y el grado de pluralidad de los procesos de cambio que experimentó y protagonizó la juventud universitaria en aquellas décadas. Así pues, el objetivo de la tesis es el de reconstruir desde un enfoque sociocultural las diferentes realidades que conformaron los itinerarios personales y socializadores del activismo político estudiantil durante la dictadura. La recomposición de todos esos procesos la hemos realizado tomando en consideración a quienes fueron sus protagonistas, que, al fin y al cabo, y más allá de las condiciones sistémicas en que desarrollaron sus reflexiones y emprendieron sus acciones, fueron agentes activos en su propia formación y desarrollos. A partir de sus experiencias particulares hemos incorporado el conjunto de fenómenos, dinámicas y contextos en que se desenvolvieron aquellos jóvenes, recomponiendo los recorridos que desencadenaron, confirmaron y materializaron procesos de concienciación social y política.
Para ello hemos examinado los puntos de partida ideológicos, los marcos culturales, los diferentes espacios de sociabilidad, agentes socializadores y canales de formación, tanto dentro como fuera del espacio universitario, en los que la juventud universitaria adoptó posicionamientos críticos y de ruptura con la dictadura. Del mismo modo, se profundiza en las interacciones del estudiantado con fenómenos de carácter internacional, que nos han permitido insertar la realidad del caso español, con sus evidentes particularidades, en el marco más amplio de los fenómenos de naturaleza transnacional y de innovación política protagonizados por las nuevas generaciones de europeos durante los años sesenta. Por último, y como resultado de todos aquellos procesos, se traza la generación de espacios y dinámicas que impulsaron nuevos valores, actitudes y comportamientos que facilitaron la activación de procesos de democratización en el largo plazo. A este respecto, los estudiantes contribuyeron de manera decisiva a extender sobre el conjunto de la sociedad los tentáculos de una cultura cívica, participativa y con voluntad de intervención, sentando las bases del éxito del cambio político al que también contribuyeron diseñando una posibilidad de futuro distinta a ese presente que fue, durante cerca de cuatro décadas, el franquismo.
Resumen (otro idioma): Abstract: This thesis deals with the processes of socialisation, politicisation, and transformation experienced by university youth during the 1950s and 1960s, given their relevance as central agents in the erosion of the dictatorship's legitimising, cultural, and political foundations. To this end, we have turned our attention to the Servicio Universitario del Trabajo (SUT). This voluntary work organism was set up in 1952 within the structures of the Sindicato Español Universitario (SEU), through whose activities nearly 13,000 students passed until its official dissolution in 1969. Thanks to its temporal amplitude and its quantitative dimension, as well as the awareness-raising and disruptive impact that participation in its work camps or its literacy campaigns generated in not few young people who turned to anti-Francoism, this service is presented as an excellent observation field for understanding the complexity and the degree of plurality of the processes of change that university youth underwent. Thus, the thesis aims to reconstruct, from a socio-cultural approach, the different realities that shaped the personal and socialising itineraries of student political activism during the dictatorship. The reconstruction of all these processes has been carried out by considering those who were the protagonists, who, after all, and beyond the systemic conditions in which they developed their reflections and undertook their actions, were active agents in their own formation and development. Based on their experiences, we have incorporated the phenomenon, dynamics and contexts in which these young people developed, recomposing the paths that triggered, confirmed and materialised processes of social and political awakening. To this end, we have examined the ideological starting points, the cultural frameworks, the different spaces of sociability, socialising agents and training channels, both inside and outside the university, in which young university students adopted critical positions and broke with the dictatorship. In the same way, the interactions of the student body with phenomena of an international nature are examined in depth, which has enabled us to insert the reality of the Spanish case, with its obvious particularities, into the broader framework of the transnational phenomena and political innovation that took place among the new generations of Europeans during the 1960s. Finally, and as a result of all these processes, it traces the generation of spaces and dynamics that fostered new values, attitudes and behaviours that facilitated the activation of democratisation processes in the long term. In this respect, the students made a decisive contribution to extending the tentacles of a civic, participatory and interventionist culture throughout society as a whole, laying the foundations for the success of political change to which they also contributed by designing a possibility of a future different from the present that was, for almost four decades, Francoism.
Para ello hemos examinado los puntos de partida ideológicos, los marcos culturales, los diferentes espacios de sociabilidad, agentes socializadores y canales de formación, tanto dentro como fuera del espacio universitario, en los que la juventud universitaria adoptó posicionamientos críticos y de ruptura con la dictadura. Del mismo modo, se profundiza en las interacciones del estudiantado con fenómenos de carácter internacional, que nos han permitido insertar la realidad del caso español, con sus evidentes particularidades, en el marco más amplio de los fenómenos de naturaleza transnacional y de innovación política protagonizados por las nuevas generaciones de europeos durante los años sesenta. Por último, y como resultado de todos aquellos procesos, se traza la generación de espacios y dinámicas que impulsaron nuevos valores, actitudes y comportamientos que facilitaron la activación de procesos de democratización en el largo plazo. A este respecto, los estudiantes contribuyeron de manera decisiva a extender sobre el conjunto de la sociedad los tentáculos de una cultura cívica, participativa y con voluntad de intervención, sentando las bases del éxito del cambio político al que también contribuyeron diseñando una posibilidad de futuro distinta a ese presente que fue, durante cerca de cuatro décadas, el franquismo.
Resumen (otro idioma): Abstract: This thesis deals with the processes of socialisation, politicisation, and transformation experienced by university youth during the 1950s and 1960s, given their relevance as central agents in the erosion of the dictatorship's legitimising, cultural, and political foundations. To this end, we have turned our attention to the Servicio Universitario del Trabajo (SUT). This voluntary work organism was set up in 1952 within the structures of the Sindicato Español Universitario (SEU), through whose activities nearly 13,000 students passed until its official dissolution in 1969. Thanks to its temporal amplitude and its quantitative dimension, as well as the awareness-raising and disruptive impact that participation in its work camps or its literacy campaigns generated in not few young people who turned to anti-Francoism, this service is presented as an excellent observation field for understanding the complexity and the degree of plurality of the processes of change that university youth underwent. Thus, the thesis aims to reconstruct, from a socio-cultural approach, the different realities that shaped the personal and socialising itineraries of student political activism during the dictatorship. The reconstruction of all these processes has been carried out by considering those who were the protagonists, who, after all, and beyond the systemic conditions in which they developed their reflections and undertook their actions, were active agents in their own formation and development. Based on their experiences, we have incorporated the phenomenon, dynamics and contexts in which these young people developed, recomposing the paths that triggered, confirmed and materialised processes of social and political awakening. To this end, we have examined the ideological starting points, the cultural frameworks, the different spaces of sociability, socialising agents and training channels, both inside and outside the university, in which young university students adopted critical positions and broke with the dictatorship. In the same way, the interactions of the student body with phenomena of an international nature are examined in depth, which has enabled us to insert the reality of the Spanish case, with its obvious particularities, into the broader framework of the transnational phenomena and political innovation that took place among the new generations of Europeans during the 1960s. Finally, and as a result of all these processes, it traces the generation of spaces and dynamics that fostered new values, attitudes and behaviours that facilitated the activation of democratisation processes in the long term. In this respect, the students made a decisive contribution to extending the tentacles of a civic, participatory and interventionist culture throughout society as a whole, laying the foundations for the success of political change to which they also contributed by designing a possibility of a future different from the present that was, for almost four decades, Francoism.
Pal. clave: historia ; historia contemporánea ; percepciones y movimientos sociales ; idogías políticas
Titulación: Programa de Doctorado en Historia Contemporánea
Plan(es): Plan 481
Área de conocimiento: Artes y Humanidades
Nota: Presentado: 18 12 2023
Nota: Tesis-Univ. Zaragoza, , 2023
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Fecha de embargo : 2025-12-17
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