Fernández Ruiz, Natalia
Estrada Peña, Agustín (dir.)
Universidad de Zaragoza,
2024
Abstract: El cambio climático tiene importantes repercusiones en diversos aspectos de los ecosistemas, entre ellos la propagación y distribución de las garrapatas, con creciente preocupación entre investigadores y expertos en Salud Pública. La expansión de las garrapatas está vinculada a cambios en su distribución geográfica provocados por el aumento de la temperatura y la alteración de los patrones de precipitaciones, que pueden crear nuevos hábitats adecuados para las garrapatas, permitiéndoles ampliar su área de distribución a regiones en las que antes estaban ausentes. Las temperaturas más cálidas pueden aumentar la actividad de las garrapatas y alargar los periodos de actividad estacional. Además, las poblaciones de garrapatas dependen de la disponibilidad de hospedadores, principalmente pequeños mamíferos y aves. El cambio climático también puede afectar a la distribución, abundancia y comportamiento de las especies hospedadoras, lo que influye en la dinámica de las poblaciones de garrapatas afectando a la probabilidad de alimentarse y adquirir patógenos. Además, las alteraciones en el comportamiento de los hospedadores, como los cambios en las pautas migratorias, pueden influir en la dinámica espacial de los patógenos transmitidos por garrapatas. Estos cambios pueden tener varias consecuencias. El cambio climático puede provocar cambios en el área de distribución geográfica de las especies de garrapatas. A medida que aumentan la temperatura y se amplían los hábitats adecuados, las garrapatas pueden desplazarse a nuevas regiones, incluidas latitudes y altitudes más elevadas. Esta expansión puede aumentar la exposición potencial de las poblaciones humanas y animales a patógenos transmitidos por garrapatas. Ixodes ricinus es un vector de patógenos para humanos y animales, como los agentes causantes de la enfermedad de Lyme, la encefalitis transmitida por garrapatas, la anaplasmosis y la babesiosis. A medida que se amplía la distribución de las garrapatas, también lo hace la posible propagación de estas enfermedades a nuevas zonas. Las zonas que antes no estaban afectadas o tenían bajas tasas de incidencia pueden volverse más vulnerables. Se están notificando casos similares de otras especies. La propagación septentrional de I. ricinus (así como de otras especies) y los patógenos que transmiten plantean importantes problemas de Salud Pública. La Borreliosis de Lyme, en particular, es una conocida enfermedad transmitida por garrapatas que puede provocar graves problemas de salud si no se diagnostica y trata con prontitud. Con la expansión de las poblaciones de garrapatas y los patógenos que transmiten, aumenta la necesidad de vigilancia, estrategias de prevención y campañas de concienciación pública. Las temperaturas más cálidas pueden acelerar el desarrollo de las garrapatas, acortando los tiempos de generación y aumentando las tasas de reproducción. Esto puede aumentar las poblaciones de garrapatas y el riesgo de transmisión de patógenos. Además, los cambios en los patrones de precipitaciones pueden afectar a la supervivencia de las garrapatas y a la disponibilidad de hábitats adecuados. Abordar el impacto del cambio climático en las poblaciones de garrapatas requiere un planteamiento polifacético. Implica comprender y vigilar la distribución cambiante de las especies de garrapatas, evaluar el riesgo de enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas en las distintas regiones, promover medidas para reducir la exposición a las garrapatas (por ejemplo, usar repelentes de garrapatas, llevar ropa adecuada, realizar controles de garrapatas) e invertir en la investigación de nuevos métodos de prevención y control. Se hace crucial comprender el cambio climático como un fenómeno complejo y dinámico con implicaciones de gran alcance para los ecosistemas y la Salud Pública. La interacción entre el clima, las poblaciones de garrapatas y los patógenos transmitidos por garrapatas es un campo de investigación activo, y los estudios en curso proporcionarán más información sobre las posibles repercusiones en el futuro. Dadas sus complejas interacciones, resulta difícil predecir con exactitud los resultados. Las imágenes de satélite pueden aportar información sobre diversos factores ecológicos que influyen en la distribución de las garrapatas. Por ejemplo, los modelos pueden analizar los tipos de cobertura del suelo, la proximidad a masas de agua, la elevación y los índices de vegetación derivados de los datos de satélite para identificar las correlaciones ecológicas de la abundancia de garrapatas. Este conocimiento puede ayudar a investigadores y responsables políticos a comprender los factores subyacentes que determinan las poblaciones de garrapatas y orientar las intervenciones específicas. Mediante el seguimiento y análisis continuos de las imágenes de satélite, los modelos pueden contribuir al desarrollo de sistemas de alerta temprana de enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas. Los cambios en los factores ambientales captados por los satélites, como la densidad de la vegetación o la temperatura, pueden servir de indicadores de posibles aumentos de las poblaciones de garrapatas. Las alertas oportunas pueden enviarse a los organismos de salud pública para facilitar la adopción de medidas proactivas y la realización de campañas de concienciación pública.
Abstract (other lang.): Climate change is expected to have significant impacts on various aspects of ecosystems, including the spread and distribution of ticks. This is a subject of significant concern among researchers and Public Health experts. Tick range expansion is linked to shifts in the geographical distribution of tick populations. Rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns can create new suitable habitats for ticks, allowing them to extend their range to regions where they were previously absent. Warmer temperatures can lead to increased tick activity and longer seasonal activity periods. Also tick populations depend on the availability of hosts, primarily small mammals and birds. Climate change can impact host species' distribution, abundance, and behavior which influence on tick populations' dynamics. Changes in the availability and movement patterns of host animals can impact the opportunities for ticks to feed and acquire pathogens. Furthermore, alterations in host behaviour, such as changes in migratory patterns, can influence the spatial dynamics of tick-borne pathogens. These changes may have several consequences. Climate change can lead to shifts in the geographic range of tick species. As temperatures rise and suitable habitats expand, ticks may move into new regions, including higher latitudes and altitudes. This expansion can increase the potential exposure of human and animal populations to tick-borne pathogens. Ixodes ricinus is a vector for several human and animal tick related diseases, such as Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, anaplasmosis, and babesiosis. As the ticks' distribution expands, so does the potential spread of these diseases to new areas. Areas that were previously unaffected or had low incidence rates of these diseases may become more vulnerable. Reports on similar issues are being reported form other species. The northern spread of I.ricinus (as well as other species) and the diseases they transmit pose significant public health challenges. Lyme borreliosis, in particular, is a well-known tick-borne illness that can lead to severe health issues if not diagnosed and treated promptly. With the expansion of tick populations and the pathogens they carry, there is an increased need for surveillance, prevention strategies, and public awareness campaigns. Warmer temperatures can accelerate tick development, leading to shorter generation times and increased reproduction rates. This can result in larger tick populations and a higher risk of pathogen transmission. Additionally, changes in precipitation patterns can impact tick survival and the availability of suitable habitats. Addressing the impact of climate change on tick populations requires a multi-faceted approach. It involves understanding and monitoring the changing distribution of tick species, assessing the 20 risk of tick-borne diseases in different regions, promoting measures to reduce tick exposure (e.g., using tick repellents, wearing protective clothing, performing tick checks), and investing in research for new prevention and control methods. It is crucial to keep in mind that climate change is a complex and dynamic phenomenon with far-reaching implications for ecosystems and public health. The interplay between climate, tick populations, and tick-borne diseases is still an active area of research, and ongoing studies will provide more insights into the potential impacts in the future. Given the complex interactions between climate, ticks, and pathogens, it is challenging to predict precise outcomes. Satellite imagery can provide information on various ecological factors that influence tick distribution. For instance, models can analyse land cover types, proximity to water bodies, elevation, and vegetation indexes derived from satellite data to identify the ecological correlates of tick abundance. This knowledge can help researchers and policymakers understand the underlying factors driving tick populations and guide targeted interventions. By continuously monitoring and analysing satellite imagery, models can contribute to the development of early warning systems for tick-borne diseases. Changes in environmental factors captured by satellite data, such as vegetation density or temperature, can serve as indicators of potential increases in tick populations. Timely alerts can be sent to public health agencies to facilitate proactive measures and public awareness campaigns.
Abstract (other lang.): Climate change is expected to have significant impacts on various aspects of ecosystems, including the spread and distribution of ticks. This is a subject of significant concern among researchers and Public Health experts. Tick range expansion is linked to shifts in the geographical distribution of tick populations. Rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns can create new suitable habitats for ticks, allowing them to extend their range to regions where they were previously absent. Warmer temperatures can lead to increased tick activity and longer seasonal activity periods. Also tick populations depend on the availability of hosts, primarily small mammals and birds. Climate change can impact host species' distribution, abundance, and behavior which influence on tick populations' dynamics. Changes in the availability and movement patterns of host animals can impact the opportunities for ticks to feed and acquire pathogens. Furthermore, alterations in host behaviour, such as changes in migratory patterns, can influence the spatial dynamics of tick-borne pathogens. These changes may have several consequences. Climate change can lead to shifts in the geographic range of tick species. As temperatures rise and suitable habitats expand, ticks may move into new regions, including higher latitudes and altitudes. This expansion can increase the potential exposure of human and animal populations to tick-borne pathogens. Ixodes ricinus is a vector for several human and animal tick related diseases, such as Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, anaplasmosis, and babesiosis. As the ticks' distribution expands, so does the potential spread of these diseases to new areas. Areas that were previously unaffected or had low incidence rates of these diseases may become more vulnerable. Reports on similar issues are being reported form other species. The northern spread of I.ricinus (as well as other species) and the diseases they transmit pose significant public health challenges. Lyme borreliosis, in particular, is a well-known tick-borne illness that can lead to severe health issues if not diagnosed and treated promptly. With the expansion of tick populations and the pathogens they carry, there is an increased need for surveillance, prevention strategies, and public awareness campaigns. Warmer temperatures can accelerate tick development, leading to shorter generation times and increased reproduction rates. This can result in larger tick populations and a higher risk of pathogen transmission. Additionally, changes in precipitation patterns can impact tick survival and the availability of suitable habitats. Addressing the impact of climate change on tick populations requires a multi-faceted approach. It involves understanding and monitoring the changing distribution of tick species, assessing the 20 risk of tick-borne diseases in different regions, promoting measures to reduce tick exposure (e.g., using tick repellents, wearing protective clothing, performing tick checks), and investing in research for new prevention and control methods. It is crucial to keep in mind that climate change is a complex and dynamic phenomenon with far-reaching implications for ecosystems and public health. The interplay between climate, tick populations, and tick-borne diseases is still an active area of research, and ongoing studies will provide more insights into the potential impacts in the future. Given the complex interactions between climate, ticks, and pathogens, it is challenging to predict precise outcomes. Satellite imagery can provide information on various ecological factors that influence tick distribution. For instance, models can analyse land cover types, proximity to water bodies, elevation, and vegetation indexes derived from satellite data to identify the ecological correlates of tick abundance. This knowledge can help researchers and policymakers understand the underlying factors driving tick populations and guide targeted interventions. By continuously monitoring and analysing satellite imagery, models can contribute to the development of early warning systems for tick-borne diseases. Changes in environmental factors captured by satellite data, such as vegetation density or temperature, can serve as indicators of potential increases in tick populations. Timely alerts can be sent to public health agencies to facilitate proactive measures and public awareness campaigns.
Pal. clave: salud pública
Titulación: Programa de Doctorado en Medicina y Sanidad Animal
Plan(es): Plan 498
Knowledge area: Ciencias de la Salud
Nota: Presentado: 14 03 2024
Nota: Tesis-Univ. Zaragoza, , 2024
Contribution of the TFG/M to Sustainability: Garantizar una vida saludable y promover el bienestar para todos y todas en todas las edades. Tomar medidas urgentes para combatir el cambio climático y sus efectos. Proteger, restaurar y promover la utilización sostenible de los ecosistemas terrestres, gestionar de manera sostenible los bosques, combatir la desertificación y detener y revertir la degradación de la tierra, y frenar la pérdida de diversidad biológica.
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Record created 2024-06-13, last modified 2024-06-13
