Resumen: The 2022 and 2023 western Mediterranean summer temperatures exceeded millennial natural variability, reaching unprecedented anomalies of +3.6 °C and +2.9 °C respectively. We show that anthropogenic climate change may turn extreme heatwaves from a rarity of 1 in 10,000 years into events occurring every 4–75 years, depending on future scenarios. This shift underscores the urgency of implementing adaptive strategies as extreme climate events manifest sooner and more intensely than expected. Idioma: Inglés DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00771-6 Año: 2024 Publicado en: npj climate and atmospheric science 7, 218 (2024), [77 pp-] ISSN: 2397-3722 Factor impacto JCR: 8.4 (2024) Categ. JCR: METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES rank: 6 / 111 = 0.054 (2024) - Q1 - T1 Factor impacto SCIMAGO: 2.907 - Atmospheric Science (Q1) - Global and Planetary Change (Q1) - Environmental Chemistry (Q1)