Assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers in Palaemon varians exposed to deep eutectic systems

Garralaga, Mª Pilar ; Ferreira, Ines ; Lomba, Laura ; Pires, Elisabet (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Gracia-Barberán, Sara ; Duarte, Ana Rita C. ; Diniz, Mário

Resumen: In recent years, there has been extensive research within the scientific community on deep eutectic systems due to their remarkable versatility in solubilizing diverse substances and serving as effective solvents in catalytic processes. While initially regarded as non-toxic, a comprehensive toxicological assessment is essential to comprehend their behavior within organisms. In this study, seven distinct systems, composed of N,N,N-triethyl-N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)ammonium chloride (N00Cl) and glycerol-derived ethers with alkyl chains of varying lengths (100, 200, 3F00, 300, 3i00, and 400), in a 1:2 molar ratio were investigated for their aquatic toxicity in shrimp (Palaemon varians). The assessment involved analyzing oxidative stress biomarkers such as glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and lipoperoxidation (MDA content). Results show an odd–even effect for LC50 values being N00Cl-300, the system showing higher values. Regarding oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant capacity in the organisms has been observed, suggesting significant toxicity to shrimps due to the changes in oxidative stress biomarkers at high concentrations. However, at 100 mg/l all systems can be considered environmentally safe, and no negative impacts are expected on aquatic ecosystems.

Idioma: Inglés

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34983-3

Año: 2024

Publicado en: Environmental Science and Pollution Research 31, 47 (2024), 57959-57972
ISSN: 0944-1344

Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/B58-23R
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/E37-23R
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/725034/EU/ When solids become liquids: natural deep eutectic solvents for chemical process engineering/Des.solve
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/PID2020-125762NB-I00

Tipo y forma: Artículo (Versión definitiva)

Área (Departamento): Área Química Orgánica (Dpto. Química Orgánica)