Resumen: This paper studies the persistence of the effects of terrorist attacks on the urban structure at the regional level. With this aim, a dynamic differences-in-differences approach is applied to all the municipalities of the Basque Country and Navarre autonomous communities in Spain during the period 1986–2014. The results show that terrorism had a negative and transitory effect on population growth. We also find that incidents with deaths implied more adverse shocks. Terrorist attacks had more significant effects in bigger municipalities and in the provinces with a stronger ideological polarization. Finally, we provide evidence of demographic spatial effects derived from violence. Idioma: Inglés DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2018.1490010 Año: 2019 Publicado en: Regional Studies 53, 6 (2019), 838-848 ISSN: 0034-3404 Factor impacto JCR: 3.312 (2019) Categ. JCR: ECONOMICS rank: 50 / 371 = 0.135 (2019) - Q1 - T1 Categ. JCR: REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING rank: 8 / 39 = 0.205 (2019) - Q1 - T1 Categ. JCR: GEOGRAPHY rank: 14 / 84 = 0.167 (2019) - Q1 - T1 Categ. JCR: ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES rank: 34 / 123 = 0.276 (2019) - Q2 - T1 Factor impacto SCIMAGO: 1.543 - Social Sciences (miscellaneous) (Q1) - Environmental Science (miscellaneous) (Q1)