Low-calorie, high-protein diets, regardless of protein source, improve glucose metabolism and cardiometabolic profiles in subjects with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity

Rodrigo-Carbó, Carmen ; Madinaveitia-Nisarre, Loreto ; Pérez-Calahorra, Sofía (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Gracia-Rubio, Irene (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Cebollada, Alberto ; Galindo-Lalana, Carlos ; Mateo-Gallego, Rocío (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Lamiquiz-Moneo, Itziar (Universidad de Zaragoza)

Resumen: AbstractAimThe aim was to study the effect of two low‐calorie, high‐protein (HP) diets, with most of the protein coming from animal or plant sources, on glycaemic and other cardiometabolic outcomes in subjects with overweight or obesity and glucose metabolism disorders.Materials and MethodsA total of 117 participants aged >18 years with body mass index over 27.5 kg/m2 and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were randomized to one of two HP low‐calorie diets (35% of total calories from protein), in which 75% of the protein was from either plant‐based sources (HPP) or animal sources (HPA). For both diets, 30% and 35% of the total calories were from fat and carbohydrates, respectively. The dietary intervention lasted 6 months.ResultsBoth diets improved body composition to a similar extent, including weight loss (−8.05 ± 5.12 kg for the HPA diet and −7.70 ± 5.47 kg for the HPP diet at 6 months) and fat mass, mainly visceral fat. Both diets had a similar beneficial effect on glucose metabolism, including fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index and glycated haemoglobin. Other biochemical parameters, including lipid profiles, liver enzymes, adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers, similarly improved in both groups. Fasting incretins, mainly glucagon‐like peptide 1, decreased significantly in both groups, and this effect correlated with weight loss.ConclusionsLow‐calorie HP diets improved body composition, glucose metabolism and other cardiometabolic outcomes, regardless of protein source (either animal or plant sources), in outpatients with prediabetes or T2DM.Clinical Trial RegistrationThe clinical trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT05456347) https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05456347?term=NCT05456347&rank=1.

Idioma: Inglés

DOI: 10.1111/dom.16013

Año: 2024

Publicado en: DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM 27 (2024), 268-279
ISSN: 1462-8902

Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/B14
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII/FIS/IIS16-0114

Tipo y forma: Artículo (Versión definitiva)

Área (Departamento): Área Enfermería (Dpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería)
Área (Departamento): Area Anatom.Embriol.Humana (Dpto. Anatom.Histolog.Humanas)