000148954 001__ 148954 000148954 005__ 20250221102109.0 000148954 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1111/dom.16013 000148954 0248_ $$2sideral$$a142061 000148954 037__ $$aART-2024-142061 000148954 041__ $$aeng 000148954 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-1940-2208$$aRodrigo-Carbó, Carmen 000148954 245__ $$aLow-calorie, high-protein diets, regardless of protein source, improve glucose metabolism and cardiometabolic profiles in subjects with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity 000148954 260__ $$c2024 000148954 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000148954 5203_ $$aAbstractAimThe aim was to study the effect of two low‐calorie, high‐protein (HP) diets, with most of the protein coming from animal or plant sources, on glycaemic and other cardiometabolic outcomes in subjects with overweight or obesity and glucose metabolism disorders.Materials and MethodsA total of 117 participants aged >18 years with body mass index over 27.5 kg/m2 and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were randomized to one of two HP low‐calorie diets (35% of total calories from protein), in which 75% of the protein was from either plant‐based sources (HPP) or animal sources (HPA). For both diets, 30% and 35% of the total calories were from fat and carbohydrates, respectively. The dietary intervention lasted 6 months.ResultsBoth diets improved body composition to a similar extent, including weight loss (−8.05 ± 5.12 kg for the HPA diet and −7.70 ± 5.47 kg for the HPP diet at 6 months) and fat mass, mainly visceral fat. Both diets had a similar beneficial effect on glucose metabolism, including fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index and glycated haemoglobin. Other biochemical parameters, including lipid profiles, liver enzymes, adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers, similarly improved in both groups. Fasting incretins, mainly glucagon‐like peptide 1, decreased significantly in both groups, and this effect correlated with weight loss.ConclusionsLow‐calorie HP diets improved body composition, glucose metabolism and other cardiometabolic outcomes, regardless of protein source (either animal or plant sources), in outpatients with prediabetes or T2DM.Clinical Trial RegistrationThe clinical trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT05456347) https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05456347?term=NCT05456347&rank=1. 000148954 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/B14$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII/FIS/IIS16-0114 000148954 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nc-nd$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ 000148954 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000148954 700__ $$aMadinaveitia-Nisarre, Loreto 000148954 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-1894-1621$$aPérez-Calahorra, Sofía$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000148954 700__ $$aGracia-Rubio, Irene$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000148954 700__ $$aCebollada, Alberto 000148954 700__ $$aGalindo-Lalana, Carlos 000148954 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-6650-8294$$aMateo-Gallego, Rocío$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000148954 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-9647-0108$$aLamiquiz-Moneo, Itziar$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000148954 7102_ $$11006$$2255$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería$$cÁrea Enfermería 000148954 7102_ $$11003$$2027$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Anatom.Histolog.Humanas$$cArea Anatom.Embriol.Humana 000148954 773__ $$g27 (2024), 268-279$$pDiabetes obes. metab.$$tDIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM$$x1462-8902 000148954 8564_ $$s792711$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/148954/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000148954 8564_ $$s1925922$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/148954/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000148954 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:148954$$particulos$$pdriver 000148954 951__ $$a2025-02-21-10:19:11 000148954 980__ $$aARTICLE