000150072 001__ 150072 000150072 005__ 20250130182920.0 000150072 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7444 000150072 0248_ $$2sideral$$a142254 000150072 037__ $$aART-2022-142254 000150072 041__ $$aeng 000150072 100__ $$aNielsen, Søren Saxmose 000150072 245__ $$aWelfare of equidae during transport 000150072 260__ $$c2022 000150072 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000150072 5203_ $$aIn the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of animal welfare legislation. This opinion deals with the protection of horses and donkeys during transport. While the opinion focuses primarily on road transport of horses, there are specific sections dealing with the transport of horses on roll-on–roll-off ferries, horses transported by air and the transport of donkeys. In addition, the opinion covers welfare concerns in relation to a specific scenario identified by the European Commission related to the transport of horses on long journeys to slaughterhouses. Current practices related to transport of horses during the different stages (preparation, loading and unloading, transit and the journey breaks) are described. Overall, 13 welfare consequences were identified as being highly relevant for the welfare of horses during transport based on severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: gastro-enteric disorders, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, isolation stress, motion stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, respiratory disorders, resting problems, restriction of movement, sensory overstimulation and separation stress. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A variety of hazards were identified related to factors such as inexperienced/untrained handlers, lack of horse training, structural deficiencies of vehicles/facilities, poor driving skills/conditions, horse separation/regrouping, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions and poor husbandry practices. The opinion contains general and specific conclusions in relation to the different stages of transport. Recommendations to prevent hazards and correct or mitigate welfare consequences have been developed. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions within the means of transport and for space allowance. The development of welfare consequences over time was assessed in relation to maximum journey time. 000150072 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nd$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/es/ 000150072 590__ $$a3.3$$b2022 000150072 591__ $$aFOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY$$b60 / 142 = 0.423$$c2022$$dQ2$$eT2 000150072 592__ $$a0.852$$b2022 000150072 593__ $$aPlant Science$$c2022$$dQ1 000150072 593__ $$aFood Science$$c2022$$dQ1 000150072 593__ $$aVeterinary (miscellaneous)$$c2022$$dQ1 000150072 593__ $$aAnimal Science and Zoology$$c2022$$dQ1 000150072 593__ $$aParasitology$$c2022$$dQ2 000150072 593__ $$aMicrobiology$$c2022$$dQ2 000150072 594__ $$a5.1$$b2022 000150072 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000150072 700__ $$aAlvarez, Julio 000150072 700__ $$aBicout, Dominique Joseph 000150072 700__ $$aCalistri, Paolo 000150072 700__ $$aCanali, Elisabetta 000150072 700__ $$aDrewe, Julian Ashley 000150072 700__ $$aGarin-Bastuji, Bruno 000150072 700__ $$aGonzales Rojas, Jose Luis 000150072 700__ $$aGortázar Schmidt, Christian 000150072 700__ $$aMichel, Virginie 000150072 700__ $$aMiranda Chueca, Miguel Ángel 000150072 700__ $$aPadalino, Barbara 000150072 700__ $$aPasquali, Paolo 000150072 700__ $$aRoberts, Helen Clare 000150072 700__ $$aSpoolder, Hans 000150072 700__ $$aStahl, Karl 000150072 700__ $$aVelarde, Antonio 000150072 700__ $$aViltrop, Arvo 000150072 700__ $$aWinckler, Christoph 000150072 700__ $$aEarley, Bernadette 000150072 700__ $$aEdwards, Sandra 000150072 700__ $$aFaucitano, Luigi 000150072 700__ $$aMarti, Sonia 000150072 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-6848-1010$$aMiranda de La Lama, Genaro C$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000150072 700__ $$aCosta, Leonardo Nanni 000150072 700__ $$aThomsen, Peter T 000150072 700__ $$aAshe, Sean 000150072 700__ $$aMur, Lina 000150072 700__ $$aVan der Stede, Yves 000150072 700__ $$aHerskin, Mette 000150072 7102_ $$12008$$2700$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Produc.Animal Cienc.Ali.$$cÁrea Producción Animal 000150072 773__ $$g20, 9 (2022), 7444 [113 pp.]$$tEFSA Journal$$x1831-4732 000150072 8564_ $$s13607611$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/150072/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000150072 8564_ $$s2243867$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/150072/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000150072 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:150072$$particulos$$pdriver 000150072 951__ $$a2025-01-30-16:18:35 000150072 980__ $$aARTICLE