Resumen: The Spanish Roma population have shown strong group cohesion and have maintained distinctive characteristics for more than 500 years in Spain. However, this cohesion does not guarantee the homogeneity of the group. The aim of this paper is to determine the diverse effects of the transmission of education to children by parents in all the subgroups of the Spanish Roma population. We analyse the outcome of gender roles for both parents as education transmitters and the recipients (their offspring) while allowing for the heterogeneity in the Spanish Roma population. Our analysis reveals the existence of a clear influence of the parents’ education level, with mothers being more influential than fathers. We also find disparities in education level attained, with females receiving less. This analysis should help to identify the most successful policies to increase the education level of the Spanish Roma population. Idioma: Inglés DOI: 10.1080/17449057.2024.2355415 Año: 2024 Publicado en: Ethnopolitics (2024), [12 pp.] ISSN: 1744-9057 Tipo y forma: Artículo (Versión definitiva) Área (Departamento): Área Fund. Análisis Económico (Dpto. Análisis Económico)