Mediterranean diet and obesity polygenic risk interaction on adiposity in European children: The <scp>IDEFICS</scp>/I.Family Study

Seral-Cortes, Miguel (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Drouard, Gabin ; Masip, Guiomar (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Bogl, Leonie H. ; De Henauw, Stefaan ; Foraita, Ronja ; Intemann, Timm ; Lissner, Lauren ; Molnar, Denes ; Nagrani, Rajini ; Pala, Valeria ; Picó, Catalina ; Russo, Paola ; Tognon, Gianluca ; Tornaritis, Michael ; Veidebaum, Toomas ; Wright, Marvin N. ; Miguel-Etayo, Pilar de ; Moreno, Luis A. (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Labayen, Idoia ;

Resumen: To examine whether changes in the Mediterranean Diet (MD) or any of its MD food groups modulate the genetic susceptibility to obesity in European youth, both in cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses.MethodsFor cross‐sectional analysis, 1982 participants at baseline, 1649 in follow‐up 1 (FU1) and 1907 in follow‐up 2 (FU2), aged 2–16 years of the IDEFICS/I.Family studies were considered. For the longitudinal design, 1254 participants were included. Adherence to MD was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and genetic susceptibility to high BMI was assessed with a polygenic risk score (BMI‐PRS). Multiple linear regression models were fitted to estimate gene × MD effects on markers of obesity.ResultsIn cross‐sectional analyses, at baseline, higher MDS was associated with higher BMI in children with high genetic susceptibility (β = 0.12; 95% CI = [0.01, 0.24]). However, 6 years later, at FU2, higher MDS was associated with lower BMI (β = −0.19; 95% CI = [−0.38, −0.01]) in children with high genetic susceptibility, showing an attenuating MDS effect. Also in FU2, vegetables and legumes (V&L) showed inverse associations with BMI (β = −0.01; CI = [−0.02, −0.00]) and WC (β = −0.02; CI = [−0.03, −0.00]) regardless of the obesity genetic risk, although the effect sizes were small. In the longitudinal analyses, no MDS‐obesity associations or gene × diet interaction effects were observed.ConclusionsIn cross‐sectional analysis (baseline and FU2), the MD modulated the association between obesity susceptibility and adiposity indicators in European youth, having an exacerbating effect in children measured during infancy years and an attenuating effect in early adolescent years.

Idioma: Inglés

DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.70023

Año: 2025

Publicado en: Pediatric obesity 20, 8 (2025)
ISSN: 2047-6302

Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EUR/FP6/FOOD-016181
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/266044/EU/Determinants of eating behaviour in European children, adolescents and their parents/I.FAMILY

Tipo y forma: Article (Published version)

Área (Departamento): Área Enfermería (Dpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería)