000165174 001__ 165174
000165174 005__ 20251219174251.0
000165174 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.13044/j.sdi.d2.0619
000165174 0248_ $$2sideral$$a146783
000165174 037__ $$aART-2025-146783
000165174 041__ $$aeng
000165174 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-6148-1253$$aOrtego, Abel
000165174 245__ $$aEco-design measures based on the circular economy and the efficiency use of natural resources. The case study of ZeroenergyMod project.
000165174 260__ $$c2025
000165174 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000165174 5203_ $$aCritical materials are essential to the global economy but face supply risks from geopolitical, environmental, and market pressures. The European Union identifies 34 critical materials, ranging from lithium, cobalt, and nickel for batteries to rare earth elements for magnets, and high‑strength alloy metals such as chromium and tungsten. Even abundant metals like copper and aluminium can become critical when demand outpaces sustainable supply.
Eco‑design offers strategies to mitigate this dependency by extending product lifespan, enabling component disassembly for recycling, and seeking viable material substitutions. In modular construction — especially container‑based self‑sufficient modules — such measures can improve both resource efficiency and sustainability.
Although these modules are increasingly used in remote and off‑grid contexts, little scientific work has quantified the criticality of their materials. This study addresses that gap by applying thermodynamic rarity indicators to a case study: the ZEROENERGYMOD project module, built to PassivHaus standards and integrating renewable generation with dual energy storage (lithium batteries and green hydrogen).
The research focuses on identifying subsystems with the highest critical material contribution, assessing trade‑offs between energy storage options, and proposing design measures to reduce criticality without compromising function. The structural frame and internal partitions contributed 72 % of total thermodynamic rarity, largely due to nickel in stainless steel. Photovoltaic modules and hydrogen systems, though lighter in mass, showed elevated rarity from tellurium, platinum, and iridium. Hydrogen storage offered higher energy density (MJ/kWh) than lithium iron phosphate batteries under the studied conditions.
Replacing stainless steel with coated carbon steel where feasible, favouring wind over photovoltaics in suitable contexts, and developing alternative photovoltaic technologies can reduce critical material use without compromising function. These strategies demonstrate how thermodynamic rarity metrics can be integrated into sustainable module design to address multiple Sustainable Development Goals.
000165174 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EUR/LIFE19 COM-ES-001327$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN-RESTORE PID2023-148401OB-I00$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/UZ/CUD2024-01
000165174 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
000165174 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000165174 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-9310-7864$$aRezeau, Adeline
000165174 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-5215-7112$$aRodriguez, Beatriz
000165174 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-6844-4471$$aGarcia-García, Miguel Ángel
000165174 773__ $$g1, 3 (2025), 1-15$$pJ. sustain. dev. indic.$$tJournal of sustainable development indicators$$x3044-5221
000165174 8564_ $$s1788841$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/165174/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000165174 8564_ $$s2362733$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/165174/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000165174 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:165174$$particulos$$pdriver
000165174 951__ $$a2025-12-19-14:42:22
000165174 980__ $$aARTICLE