Metabolic and Environmental Benefits of Following the Healthy and Sustainable Dietary Recommendations for the Spanish Population: The AWHS Study

Gimeno-Ruiz, Sofía ; Guallar-Castillón, Pilar ; López-García, Esther ; Torrijo-Belanche, Carolina (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Muñoz-Cabrejas, Ainara ; Morales-Suárez-Varela, María ; Moreno-Franco, Belén (Universidad de Zaragoza)

Resumen: Background/Objectives: Emerging approaches aim to protect both human and environmental health. Therefore, we hypothesise that adherence to the Healthy and Sustainable Dietary Recommendations for the Spanish Population Index (HS-DRSI) is inversely associated with the occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and promotes environmental sustainability. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed with 2286 middle-aged men, with no previous cardiovascular disease and belonging to the Aragon Workers’ Health Study (AWHS). Diet was collected with a 136-item food-frequency questionnaire. Adherence to the recommendation was assessed with the HS-DRSI, which assigns one point for each of 19 food categories. The National Cholesterol Education Programme-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) definition was used to define MetS. Logistic regressions were used to estimate the association between adherence to the HS-DRSI and presence of MetS. Environmental assessment was calculated based on the 2016 European database. Results: Higher adherence to the HS-DRSI was inversely associated with MetS and elevated waist circumference. The odds ratio (OR) of having MetS for participants in the highest (8–13 points) vs. lowest (1–5 points) quartile of adherence to the diet score was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.52–0.99) and the OR of elevated waist circumference was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.48–0.99), with consistent results per 1 SD increase (2 points). In addition, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) decreased progressively across adherence quartiles (from 6.10 to 5.70 kg CO2-eq/day). Conclusions: Adherence to the HS-DRSI was associated with a lower risk of MetS and may contribute to lower GHGE production.

Idioma: Inglés

DOI: 10.3390/nu17233725

Año: 2025

Publicado en: Nutrients 17, 23 (2025), 3725 [14 pp.]
ISSN: 2072-6643

Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII/PI23-00240
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII/PI24-00479

Tipo y forma: Article (Published version)

Área (Departamento): Área Medic.Prevent.Salud Públ. (Dpto. Microb.Ped.Radio.Sal.Pú.)